Richard F. Strayer

Michigan State University

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Jay L. Garland

Environmental Protection Agency

Barry W. Finger

Paragon Space Development Corporation (United States)

Mary Hummerick

Kennedy Space Center

Tony Rector

United Technologies Corporation (Poland)

Michael S. Roberts

University of Queensland

Michael P. Alazraki

Kennedy Space Center

Cheryl L. Mackowiak

University of Florida

Jan Bauer

Technische Universität Braunschweig

John C. Sager

Minnesota Project

Berrin Tansel

Florida International University

Cooperative Institutions

Kennedy Space Center

Consolidated Safety Services-Dynamac (United States)

Bionetics (United States)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Foster-Miller (United States)

University of Florida

Utah State University

Office of Science

North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

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Recovery of resources for advanced life support space applications: effect of retention time on biodegradation of two crop residues in a fed-batch, continuous stirred tank reactor

Bioresource Technology (2002)

Richard F. Strayer Barry W. Finger Michael P. Alazraki Kimberly Cook Jay L. Garland

Hemicellulose

Crop Residue

10.1016/s0960-8524(02)00036-6

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Citations (10)

Potential terrestrial fate and effects on soil biota of a coal liquefaction product spill

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1983)

Richard F. Strayer Nelson T. Edwards Barbara T. Walton Velma Charles-Shannon

Abstract Contaminated soil samples collected from the site of a coal liquefaction product spill were used to study potential fates and effects of this synthetic fuel. Simulated weathering in the laboratory caused significant changes in residual oil composition. Soil column leachates contained high phenol levels that decreased exponentially over time. Toxicity tests demonstrated that the oil-contaminated soil was phytotoxic and caused embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on eggs of the cricket Acheta domesticus.

Biota

Soil Pollutants

Acheta

10.1002/etc.5620020209

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Citations (4)

Integration of waste processing and biomass production systems as part of the KSC Breadboard project

Advances in Space Research (1997)

Jay L. Garland Cheryl L. Mackowiak Richard F. Strayer Barry W. Finger

Life support system

Hydroponics

Biodegradable waste

10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00847-8

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Citations (42)

In situ methane production in a small, hypereutrophic, hard‐water lake: Loss of methane from sediments by vertical diffusion and ebullition 1

Limnology and Oceanography (1978)

Richard F. Strayer James M. Tiedje

The rate and quantity of methane produced by sediments of Wintergreen Lake were estimated by separately measuring methane lost by ebullition using bubble traps and by estimating methane lost to the water column by diffusion. The maximum rates of methane loss by ebullition occurred in late summer and were 35 mmol·m −2 ·d −1 in 1972 and 37 in 1973. The average dissolved methane flux for 1972 was estimated to be in the range of 10–46 mmol·m −2 ·d −1 . The minimum value was estimated by summing dissolved methane concentrations in the water column for each sampling date. The maximum value was estimated using the eddy diffusion coefficient of 4.9 × 10 −3 cm 2 ·s −1 , calculated from the temperature method of Hutchinson. This methane diffusion rate was about two times the average rate of methane lost by ebullition (21 mmol·m −2 ·d −1 ) over the same time period. Dissolved methane was detected only in anoxic waters during summer stratification and within a meter of both the sediment and ice during winter. Ebullition also occurred during winter.

10.4319/lo.1978.23.6.1201

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Citations (83)

POTENTIAL TERRESTRIAL FATE AND EFFECTS ON SOIL BIOTA OF A COAL LIQUEFACTION PRODUCT SPILL

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1983)

Richard F. Strayer Nelson T. Edwards Barbara T. Walton Velma Charles-Shannon

Biota

Terrestrial ecosystem

Terrestrial plant

10.1897/1552-8618(1983)2[217:ptfaeo]2.0.co;2

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Citations (0)

Dynamics of microorganism populations in recirculating nutrient solutions

Advances in Space Research (1994)

Richard F. Strayer

10.1016/0273-1177(94)90322-0

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Citations (22)

Comparison of aerobically-treated and untreated crop residue as a source of recycled nutrients in a recirculating hydroponic system

Advances in Space Research (1996)

Cheryl L. Mackowiak Jay L. Garland Richard F. Strayer Barry W. Finger Raymond M. Wheeler

Hydroponics

Phytotoxicity

Crop Residue

10.1016/0273-1177(95)00817-x

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Citations (63)

An Overview: Recycling Nutrients from Crop Residues For Space Applications

Compost Science & Utilization (1997)

Richard F. Strayer Cheryl F. Atkinson

Without some form of regenerative life support system, long duration space habitation or travel will be limited severely by the prohibitive costs of resupplying air, water, and food from Earth. Components under consideration for inclusion in a regenerative life support system are based on either physicochemical or biological processes. Physicochemical systems would use filtration and elemental phase changes to convert waste materials into usable products, while biological systems would use higher plants and bioreactors to supply crew needs. Neither a purely biological nor strictly a physicochemical approach can supply all crew needs, thus, the best each approach can offer will be combined into a hybrid regenerative life support system. Researchers at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Advanced Life Support Breadboard Project have taken the lead on bioregenerative aspects of space life support. The major focus has been on utilization of higher plants for production of food, oxygen, and clean water. However, a key to any regenerative life support system is recycling and recovery of resources (wastes). In keeping with the emphasis at KSC on bioregenerative systems and with the focus on plants, this paper focuses on research with biologically-based options for resource recovery from inedible crop residues.

Life support system

10.1080/1065657x.1997.10701882

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Citations (15)

Integrated evaluation of a sequential membrane filtration system for recovery of bioreactor effluent during long space missions

Journal of Membrane Science (2005)

Berrin Tansel John C. Sager Tony Rector Jay L. Garland Richard F. Strayer

Filtration (mathematics)

Membrane bioreactor

Nanofiltration

Cross-flow filtration

Ultrafiltration (renal)

Membrane Technology

10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.028

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Citations (23)

Redox control bioreactor: A unique biological water processor

Biotechnology and Bioengineering (2007)

Daniel P. Smith Tony Rector Kristina Reid‐Black Mary Hummerick Richard F. Strayer

The redox control bioreactor (RCB) is a new hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HFMBR) design in which oxygen and hydrogen gases are provided simultaneously through separate arrays of juxtaposed hollow fiber (HF) membranes. This study applied the RCB for completely autotrophic conversion of ammonia to N(2) through nitrification with O(2) and denitrification using hydrogen as an electron donor (i.e., autohydrogentrophic denitrification). The hypothesis of this research was that efficient biofilm utilization of O(2) and H(2) at respective HFs would limit transport of these gases to bulk fluid, thereby enabling completely autotrophic ammonia conversion to N(2) through the co-occurrence of ammonia oxidation (O(2)-HF biofilms) and autohydrogenotrophic denitrification (H(2)-HF biofilms). A prototype RCB was fabricated and operated for 215 days on a synthetic, organic-free feedstream containing 217 mg L(-1) NH(4)(+)-N. When O(2) and H(2) were simultaneously supplied, the RCB achieved a steady NH(4)(+)-N removal flux of 5.8 g m(-2) day(-1) normalized to O(2)-HF surface area with a concomitant removal flux of 4.4 g m(-2) day(-1) (NO(3)(-))+NO(2)(-))-N based on H(2)-HF surface area. The significance of H(2) supply was confirmed by an increase in effluent NO(3)(-)-N when H(2) supply was discontinued and a decline in NO(3)(-)-N when H(2) supply was restarted. Increases in H(2) pressure caused decreased ammonia utilization, suggesting that excess H(2) interfered with nitrification. Microprobe profiling across radial transects revealed significant gradients in dissolved O(2) on spatial scales of 1 mm or less. Physiological and molecular analysis of biofilms confirmed that structurally and functionally distinct biofilms developed on adjacent, juxtaposed fibers.

Autotroph

10.1002/bit.21617

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Citations (20)