Corrado Cigolini

University of Turin

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Diego Coppola

University of Turin

Marco Laiolo

University of Turin

Maurizio Ripepe

University of Florence

Francesco Massimetti

University of Turin

Dario Delle Donne

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Giorgio Lacanna

University of Florence

Sara Barsotti

Icelandic Meteorological Office

G. Ulivieri

Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale 11 di Empoli

Davide Piscopo

University of Turin

Emanuele Marchetti

University of Florence

Cooperative Institutions

University of Turin

University of Florence

Instituto Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Terra

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Instituto Geofísico del Perú

National Research Council

University of El Salvador

University of Palermo

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Endogenous and nonimpact origin of the Arkenu circular structures (al‐Kufrah basin—SE Libya)

Meteoritics and Planetary Science (2012)

Corrado Cigolini M. Di Martino Marco Laiolo Diego Coppola Piergiorgio Rossetti

Abstract– The twin Arkenu circular structures (ACS), located in the al‐Kufrah basin in southeastern Libya, were previously considered as double impact craters (the “Arkenu craters”). The ACS consist of a NE (Arkenu 1) and a SW structure (Arkenu 2), with approximate diameters of about 10 km. They are characterized by two shallow depressions surrounded by concentric circular ridges and silica‐impregnated sedimentary dikes cut by local faults. Our field, petrographic, and textural observations exclude that the ACS have an impact origin. In fact, we did not observe any evidence of shock metamorphism, such as planar deformation features in the quartz grains of the collected samples, and the previously reported “shatter cones” are wind‐erosion features in sandstones (ventifacts). Conversely, the ACS should be regarded as a “paired” intrusion of porphyritic stocks of syenitic composition that inject the Nubia Formation and form a rather simple and eroded ring dike complex. Stock emplacement was followed by hydrothermal activity that involved the deposition of massive magnetite–hematite horizons (typical of iron oxide copper‐gold deposits). Their origin was nearly coeval with the development of silicified dikes in the surroundings. Plugs of tephritic‐phonolitic rocks and lamprophyres (monchiquites) inject the Nubian sandstone along conjugate fracture zones, trending NNW–SSE and NE–SW, that crosscut the structural axis of the basin.

Dike

Porphyritic

Impact structure

Breccia

Country rock

10.1111/maps.12012

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Citations (17)

An integrated dynamic model for the volcanic activity at Poas volcano, Costa Rica

Bulletin of Volcanology (1987)

L. Casertano Andrea Borgia Corrado Cigolini L. D. Morales Walter Montero

Phreatic eruption

Lava dome

Phreatic

10.1007/bf01079964

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Citations (40)

Thermal Remote Sensing for Global Volcano Monitoring: Experiences From the MIROVA System

Frontiers in Earth Science (2020)

Diego Coppola Marco Laiolo Corrado Cigolini Francesco Massimetti Dario Delle Donne

MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity) is an automatic volcano hot spot detection system, based on the analysis of MODIS data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The system is able to detect, locate and quantify thermal anomalies in near real-time, by providing, on a dedicated website (www.mirovaweb.it), infrared images and thermal flux time-series on over 200 volcanoes worldwide. Thanks to its simple interface and intuitive representation of the data, MIROVA is currently used by several volcano observatories for daily monitoring activities and reporting. In this paper, we present the architecture of the system and its use for operational volcano monitoring and research. Particular emphasis will be given to the contribution that the thermal data has provided in order to detect volcanic unrest, to forecast eruptions and to depict trends and patterns during eruptive crisis. The current limits and requirements to improve the quality of the data, their distribution and interpretation are also discussed, in the light of the experience gained in recent years within the volcanological community. The results presented clearly demonstrate how the open access of satellite data and the sharing of derived products allow a better understanding of ongoing volcanic phenomena, and therefore constitute an essential requirement for the assessment of volcanic hazards.

Volcanic hazards

Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer

Thermal infrared

Spectroradiometer

10.3389/feart.2019.00362

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Citations (80)

Monitoring the time-averaged discharge rates, volumes and emplacement style of large lava flows by using MIROVA system: the case of the 2014-2015 eruption at Holuhraun (Iceland)

Annals of Geophysics (2019)

Diego Coppola Sara Barsotti Corrado Cigolini Marco Laiolo Melissa Pfeffer

The 2014-2015 eruption at Holuhraun has produced more than 1.5 km3 of basaltic magma and can beconsidered one of the major effusive events of the last two centuries in the world. During this eruptionthe MIROVA system (a volcanic hot-spot detection system based on MODIS middle infrared – MIR- data) has been used to detect and locate the active portions of the lava flow(s), and to measure the heat radiated by the growing lava field. According to these data the eruption was characterized by a slow decay of the radiant power, accompanied by a change in the lava transport mechanism that shifted from open channels, at the beginning of the eruption, to lava tubes, during the last months of activity. Despite the evident evolution of lava transport mechanism, we found that the overalldecreasing trend of the thermal flux was mainly controlled by the exponential decline of lava discharge rates, while the increasing insulation of the flow field had a strong impact in transporting efficiently the lava at the distal flow front(s). Our results suggest the apparent time averaged lava discharge rates (TADR), derived from satellite thermal data, may fluctuate around the real effusion rate at the vent, especially in the case of large lava flows emplacing in nearly flat conditions. The magnitude and frequency of these fluctuations are mainly controlled by the emplacement dynamic,(i.e. occurrence of distinct major flow units), while the transition from channel- to tube-fed lavatransport mechanism play only a minor role (±30%) in the retrieval of TADR using MIR data . Whenthe TADR values are integrated to calculate erupted lava volumes, the effects of pulsatingemplacement dynamic become smoothed and the eruptive trend become more clear.We suggest that during the Holuhraun's eruption, as well as during many other effusive eruptions,the MIR-derived radiant flux essentially mimic the overall trend of lava discharge rates, with only aminor influence due to the emplacement style and evolving eruptive conditions. From a monitoringand operational perspective, MIROVA demonstrates to be a very valuable tool to follow and,possibly, forecast the evolution of on-going effusive eruption.

Effusive eruption

Lava field

Lava dome

10.4401/ag-7749

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Citations (19)

A geo-cultural itinerary on the Monferrato Hills (Northwestern Italy).

Roberto Ajassa Sabrina Maria Rita Bonetto Simona Cavagna Corrado Cigolini Pierangelo Clari

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Citations (0)

Satellite thermal monitoring of the 2010 - 2013 eruption of Kizimen volcano (Kamchatka) using MIROVA hot-spot detection system

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2017)

Francesco Massimetti Diego Coppola Marco Laiolo Corrado Cigolini

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Citations (1)

Radon mapping, automatic measurements and extremely high 222Rn emissions during the 2002–2007 eruptive scenarios at Stromboli volcano

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2013)

Corrado Cigolini Marco Laiolo G. Ulivieri Diego Coppola Maurizio Ripepe

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2013.07.011

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Citations (21)

Shallow magma dynamics at open-vent volcanoes tracked by coupled thermal and SO2 observations

Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2022)

Marco Laiolo Dario Delle Donne Diego Coppola Marcello Bitetto Corrado Cigolini

Effusive eruption

Strombolian eruption

Lateral eruption

Sill

Phreatic eruption

Magma chamber

Dense-rock equivalent

10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117726

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Citations (15)

Volcanic Hot-Spot Detection Using SENTINEL-2: A Comparison with MODIS–MIROVA Thermal Data Series

Remote Sensing (2020)

Francesco Massimetti Diego Coppola Marco Laiolo Sébastien Valade Corrado Cigolini

In the satellite thermal remote sensing, the new generation of sensors with high-spatial resolution SWIR data open the door to an improved constraining of thermal phenomena related to volcanic processes, with strong implications for monitoring applications. In this paper, we describe a new hot-spot detection algorithm developed for SENTINEL-2/MSI data that combines spectral indices on the SWIR bands 8a-11-12 (with a 20-meter resolution) with a spatial and statistical analysis on clusters of alerted pixels. The algorithm is able to detect hot-spot-contaminated pixels (S2Pix) in a wide range of environments and for several types of volcanic activities, showing high accuracy performances of about 1% and 94% in averaged omission and commission rates, respectively, underlining a strong reliability on a global scale. The S2-derived thermal trends, retrieved at eight key-case volcanoes, are then compared with the Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and processed by the MIROVA (Middle InfraRed Observation of Volcanic Activity) system during an almost four-year-long period, January 2016 to October 2019. The presented data indicate an overall excellent correlation between the two thermal signals, enhancing the higher sensitivity of SENTINEL-2 to detect subtle, low-temperature thermal signals. Moreover, for each case we explore the specific relationship between S2Pix and VRP showing how different volcanic processes (i.e., lava flows, domes, lakes and open-vent activity) produce a distinct pattern in terms of size and intensity of the thermal anomaly. These promising results indicate how the algorithm here presented could be applicable for volcanic monitoring purposes and integrated into operational systems. Moreover, the combination of high-resolution (S2/MSI) and moderate-resolution (MODIS) thermal timeseries constitutes a breakthrough for future multi-sensor hot-spot detection systems, with increased monitoring capabilities that are useful for communities which interact with active volcanoes.

Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer

Spectroradiometer

10.3390/rs12050820

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Citations (42)

Field thermal monitoring during the August 2003 eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion)

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2007)

Diego Coppola Thomas Staudacher Corrado Cigolini

A detailed set of thermal images collected during the last day of the August 2003 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion), clearly revealed several dynamic processes associated with a spatter cone containing a lava pond and feeding a channelized lava flow. Periods of steady effusion were interrupted by brief pulses of lava effusion that closely coincide with peaks in seismic tremor amplitude. The thermal measurements show that roofing of a lava channel during steady effusion and cooling of surface flows decrease thermal radiance in two different ways. Here we show that the decrease in thermal radiance because of channel roofing is not related to a decrease in volcanic activity, as might be interpreted from satellite data. In addition, we introduce a new method of representing thermal data (hereby named “Radiative Thermogramme”) that successfully describes thermal patterns produced by distinct eruptive processes within the same span of time. This graphic solution can be directly correlated with volcanic field processes and provides a useful tool for interpreting a high number of thermal data in a wide range of volcanic activities.

10.1029/2006jb004659

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Citations (18)