Daryono Daryono

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

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Andri Dian Nugraha

Bandung Institute of Technology

Pepen Supendi

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Sri Widiyantoro

Bandung Institute of Technology

Dwikorita Karnawati

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Nicholas Rawlinson

University of Cambridge

Suko Prayitno Adi

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Nanang T. Puspito

Bandung Institute of Technology

Bambang S. Prayitno

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Supriyanto Rohadi

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Nova Heryandoko

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Cooperative Institutions

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Bandung Institute of Technology

University of Cambridge

Universitas Gadjah Mada

National Research and Innovation Agency

Nanyang Technological University

ADA University

Earth Observatory of Singapore

National Central University

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

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A previously unidentified fault revealed by the February 25, 2022 (Mw 6.1) Pasaman Earthquake, West Sumatra, Indonesia

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors (2022)

Pepen Supendi Nicholas Rawlinson Bambang S. Prayitno Dimas Sianipar Andrean V. H. Simanjuntak

A destructive earthquake (Mw 6.1) struck Pasaman, West Sumatra, Indonesia, on 25 February 2022, resulting in at least 18 deaths and damage to 1765 buildings. Our relocated foreshock, mainshock, and aftershocks and their source mechanisms reveal a previously unknown ∼20 km long segment of the Sumatran Fault as a result of dextral strike-slip motion (strike N132oE and dip 72oSW) along what we have called the Kajai Fault. The inverted rupture model indicates a single, compact asperity with an approximate depth range of 2–11 km. This asperity extends ∼14 km along strike, and ∼9 km in the down-dip direction. The Coulomb stress change of the mainshock shows that areas to the north and south experienced an increase in stress, which is consistent with the observed aftershock pattern. The nearby Great Sumatran Fault segments (Angkola and Sumpur) experienced a significant increase in stress without any accompanying aftershocks, which likely increases the risk of them rupturing in the future.

Asperity (geotechnical engineering)

10.1016/j.pepi.2022.106973

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Citations (12)

Analysis of the destructive earthquakes end of 2017 (Mw 6.9) and early 2018 (Mw 6.1) south of West Java, Indonesia

E3S Web of Conferences (2020)

Pepen Supendi Supriyanto Rohadi Dwikorita Karnawati Andri Dian Nugraha Sri Widiyantoro

On December 15, 2017, and January 23, 2018, there were destructive earthquakes to the south of West Java, Indonesia, with Mw 6.9 and Mw 6.1, respectively. We have determined the hypocenter location for both mainshocks through re-picking of the Pand S-wave arrival times recorded by the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) seismic stations in West Java and its vicinity. We have then relocated the aftershocks for both events. We have also conducted focal mechanism analysis to estimate the type of fault slip. Our results show the 2017 and 2018 events occurred in the intra-slab at 108.6 km and 46.5 km depths, respectively. The focal mechanism solution shows a thrust fault type with the strike direction almost perpendicular to the trench for the 2017 event, and it is almost parallel to the trench for the 2018 event.

Hypocenter

Focal mechanism

Slab

Thrust fault

10.1051/e3sconf/202021102003

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Updating the Palu-Saluki Segments and its Impact on Coulomb Stress Distribution Using Bayesian Moment Tensor Analysis of the 2012 Mw 6.3 Palu Earthquake Sequence

Mohammad Yusril Iqbal Habibana David P. Sahara Dian Kusumawati Nanang T. Puspito Andri Dian Nugraha

The Palu-Koro fault in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, is known for significant seismic activity, including earthquakes of Mw 6.3 on 18 August 2012, and Mw 7.5 in 2018. Although important for understanding stress transfer and seismic hazard, detailed subsurface geometry, particularly dip angle, remains poorly characterized. This study applies Bayesian moment tensor analysis to 19 new focal mechanism solutions from the 2012 event, with a minimum magnitude of Mw 3.8, to update the geometry of the Palu-Saluki segment. The updated dip has a value of 83° with an uncertainty of ±4.5°, deviating from the common assumption of 90°. This significantly affects the calculation of Coulomb stress change, increasing the stress by 5.5-6 bar compared to the existing model. The updated model shows that the 2012 earthquake stress redistribution mainly affected nearby segments such as Saluki and Palu segments. This finding highlights that shallower dips result in wider stress effects, altering the stress distribution. This refined fault model improves understanding of stress transfer and contributes to improved seismic hazard assessment in Central Sulawesi.

Moment tensor

Sequence (biology)

10.2139/ssrn.5071296

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Bayesian Moment Tensor Analysis of The 2012 Mw 6.3 Palu Earthquake Sequence for Updating The Palu-Saluki Segments and Its Impact on Coulomb Stress Distribution

Research Square (Research Square) (2024)

Mohammad Yusril Iqbal Habibana David P. Sahara Dian Kusumawati Nanang T. Puspito Andri Dian Nugraha

Abstract The Palu-Koro fault, part of the Central Sulawesi fault system, has produced many large earthquakes (Mw > 6). Palu earthquake on 18 August 2012 (Mw 6.3) which occurred close to the largest earthquake ever recorded in Central Sulawesi, the Donggala earthquake on 28 September 2018 (Mw 7.5), also caused notable damage around Palu, the capital of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We infer 16 earthquake events of magnitudes ranging from Mw 3.9 to 6.3, which occurred between 18 August and 31 December 2012 by applying Bayesian moment tensors inversion and get criteria A and B, using catalogue and waveform data from Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG) regional stations. Our results show that the 2012 earthquake sequence showed a left-lateral strike-slip mechanism, with the mainshock located west of Lake Lindu. Many aftershocks were distributed near the northern end of the Saluki segment of the Palu-Koro Fault. The inferred solution has strike of North-Northwest to South-Southeast and a dip angle of about 82.5°, updating vertical fault from National Earthquake Center (PusGeN). After Calculating the change in Coulomb stress on the fault using a new geometry based on the moment tensor solution, we find that the model shows larger stress changes, up to 5 bars, with a wider impact area compared to vertical fault. Hence, updating the geometry of the Palu-Saluki Segment is important in constructing seismic hazard analyses in the region.

Moment tensor

Sequence (biology)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-4653082/v1

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Temporary Seismic Stations Installation and Building Damage Assessment of December 7th, 2016 Earthquake in Pidie Jaya, Aceh, Indonesia

Jurnal Geofisika (2018)

Zulfakriza Zulfakriza Andri Dian Nugraha Mohamad Ridwan Kadek P. Hendrawan Umar Muksin

A signicant Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred in Pidie Jaya, Aceh on December 7th, 2016. The event affected104 people death and more than 1000 people suered injuries due to the rubble of the building. Geologically, the region is composed by of Quaternary alluvial deposits. This is one of factor that amplication occurred in some area. On the other hand, an understanding of the source and mechanism of the earthquake needs to be done. A few days after the earthquake, we deployed 9 seismometers that covered the area of Pidie, Pidie Jaya and Bireuen. This experiment aims to record the aftershock and understanding of earthquake source and mechanism. In addition, we conducted building damage survey to know the pattern of distributionof building damage.

Seismometer

Rubble

Seismic microzonation

10.36435/jgf.v16i1.50

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Source Investigation of the 2018 Lombok (Indonesia) Earthquake Sequences

Dimas Sianipar Bor‐Shouh Huang Kuo‐Fong Ma Tio Azhar Prakoso Setiadi Ming-Che Hsieh

<p>The western extension and deformation mechanism of Flores back-arc thrust in eastern Sunda-Banda Arc (Indonesia) are poorly investigated, and, thus, poorly constrained. From late July to August 2018, a sequence of large earthquakes (M6.4+) took place in the north of Lombok Island that marked the previously westernmost termination of the continuous zone of the back-arc thrusting. The 2018 Lombok earthquake sequences that began with Mw 6.4 (28 July 2018), and followed by Mw 6.9 (5 August 2018), and Mw 6.9 (19 August 2019) with massive subsequent aftershocks claimed on more than 500 casualties, nearly 500,000 people displaced and serious damages on Lombok Island. Here we relocate the aftershocks and perform the finite fault inversions of M6.4+ earthquake sequences constrained with teleseismic body and surface waves. Both refined hypocenters of aftershocks and rupture processes of large earthquakes provide detail kinematic descriptions of the source mechanisms of the sequences. The aftershocks distributions and slip model suggest that the earthquakes occurred on south-dipping low angle thrust faulting that striking to the east while it also activated aftershocks on surrounding complex shallow faulting with distinguishing distributions. The source inversions of large earthquakes over the entire of the western part of Flores back-arc thrust resulted as simple circular rupture propagations initiated from ~15 km depth for all events except the westernmost events (Mw 6.9 on 5 August 2019) that had a more complex rupture and initiated from shallower depth, and with slip distributed cross over the former identified westernmost termination of the Flores back-arc thrust. Our study suggests the further extension of back-arc thrusting and the possible structures revealed from the subsequence aftershocks. The source characterizations revealed in this study would be important for further seismic hazard analysis in this region.</p>

Island arc

Thrust fault

Fault plane

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-18938

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Frictional Fault Strength Analysis of Palu-Koro and Matano Faults, Sulawesi, Indonesia, from Earthquake Focal Mechanism Data

Journal of Earthquake Engineering (2024)

Dian Kusumawati David P. Sahara Nanang T. Puspito Mudrik R. Daryono Andri Dian Nugraha

Sulawesi's complex tectonic setting generates active Palu-Koro and Matano faults. Understanding earthquake mechanic is important for mitigation purpose. We performed fault strength analysis by examining its friction, through joint stress inversion and stress magnitude estimation approach, using focal mechanism data from International Seismological Centre bulletin. Friction was analyzed in four segments of the Palu-Koro Fault and two segments of the Matano Fault. Bootstrap and Jack-knife are applied to assess its uncertainty. From north to south, the friction pattern increases at the Palu-Koro Fault segments: Donggala (0.35<μs <0.56) to Palu segment (0.59<μs <0.76); then decreases sequentially: at Saluki (0.49<μs <0.55), Moa segment (0.31< μs <0.35), and further at the Matano Fault segment (Pamsoa-Ballawai) (0.26<μs <0.3). Regarding the 2018 Mw 7.5 Palu earthquake rupture, high friction at the Saluki segment coincides with and indicates its rupture termination. Seismicity records from 1977 to 2011 showed that the largest event occurred at Matano Fault has Mw less than 7.5. Low friction observed at Matano Fault correlates with small magnitude events and low fault strength.

10.1080/13632469.2024.2359437

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Analysis of the 15 December 2017 Mw 6.5 and the 23 January 2018 Mw 5.9 Java Earthquakes

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America (2020)

Anne Meylani Magdalena Sirait A. Meltzer F. Waldhauser Joshua C. Stachnik Daryono Daryono

ABSTRACT The west part of Java sits at the transition from oblique subduction of the Australian plate under the Sunda block of the Eurasian plate along Sumatra to orthogonal convergence along central and eastern Java. This region has experienced several destructive earthquakes, the 17 July 2006 Mw 7.7 earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Pangandaran and the 2 September 2009 Mw 7 earthquake, located off the coast of Tasikmalaya. More recently, on 15 December 2017, an Mw 6.5 earthquake occurred off the coast near Pangandaran, and, on 23 January 2018, an Mw 5.9 earthquake occurred offshore Lebak, between Pelabuhan Ratu and Ujung Kulon. Ground shaking and damage occurred locally and in Jakarta on the northern coast of Java. In this study, we use the double-difference technique to relocate both mainshocks and 10 months of seismicity (228 events) following the earthquakes. The relocation result improved the mainshock locations and depth distribution of earthquakes. Moment tensor of the December 2017 event located the hypocenter at ∼108 km depth within the subducting slab. The best-fit relocation places the depth at 61 km, close to the slab interface. Aftershocks occur between 68 and 86 km depth and align along a steeper plane than slab geometry models. The January 2018 event is located at ∼46 km depth. Aftershocks form a near-vertical, pipe-like structure from the plate interface to ∼10 km depth. A burst of aftershocks immediately following the mainshock shows a shallowing upward trend at a rate of ∼2 km/hr, suggesting that a fluid pressure wave released from the oceanic crust is causing brittle failure in the overriding plate, followed by upward migration of fluids. Five months later, shallow (<25 km) seismicity collocates with background seismicity, suggesting the January 2018 event activated the Pelabuhan Ratu fault system close to the coast.

Hypocenter

Tsunami earthquake

Focal mechanism

Slab

Seismic zone

10.1785/0120200046

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Citations (5)

SASSIER22: Full-waveform tomography of the eastern Indonesian region that includes surface topography and the fluid ocean

Deborah Wehner Nicholas Rawlinson Tim Greenfield Daryono Daryono Meghan S. Miller

We present a new 3-D seismic structural model of the eastern Indonesian region and its surroundings from full-waveform inversion (FWI) that exploits seismic data filtered at periods between 15 - 150 s. SASSY21 - a recent 3-D FWI tomographic model of Southeast Asia - is used as a starting model, and our study region is characterized by particularly good data coverage, which facilitates a more refined image. We use the spectral-element solver Salvus to determine the full 3-D wavefield, accounting for the fluid ocean explicitly by solving a coupled system of acoustic and elastic wave equations. This is computationally more expensive but allows seismic waves within the water layer to be simulated, which becomes important for periods ≤ 20 s. We investigate path-dependent effects of surface elevation (topography and bathymetry) and the fluid ocean on synthetic waveforms, and compare our final model to the tomographic result obtained with the frequently used ocean loading approximation. Furthermore, we highlight some of the key features of our final model - SASSIER22 - after 34 L-BFGS iterations, which reveals detailed anomalies down to the mantle transition zone, including a convergent double-subduction zone along the southern segment of the Philippine Trench, which was not evident in the starting model. A more detailed illumination of the slab beneath the North Sulawesi Trench reveals a pronounced positive wavespeed anomaly down to 200 km depth, consistent with the maximum depth of seismicity, and a more diffuse but aseismic positive wavespeed anomaly that continues to the 410 km discontinuity.

Slab

Discontinuity (linguistics)

Seismic Tomography

10.1002/essoar.10511562.1

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The Kalaotoa Fault: A Newly Identified Fault that Generated the Mw 7.3 Flores Sea Earthquake

The Seismic Record (2022)

Pepen Supendi Nicholas Rawlinson Bambang S. Prayitno Sri Widiyantoro Andrean V. H. Simanjuntak

Abstract We reveal the existence of a previously unknown fault that generated the Mw 7.3 Flores Sea earthquake, which occurred on 14 December 2021, approximately 100 km to the north of Flores Island, in one of the most complex tectonic settings in Indonesia. We use a double-difference method to relocate the hypocenters of the mainshock and aftershocks, determine focal mechanisms using waveform inversion, and then analyze stress changes to estimate the fault type and stress transfer. Our relocated hypocenters show that this earthquake sequence ruptured on at least three segments: the source mechanism of the mainshock exhibits dextral strike-slip motion (strike N72°W and dip 78° NE) on a west–east-trending fault that we call the Kalaotoa fault, whereas rupture of the other two segments located to the west and east of the mainshock (striking west-northwest and southeast, respectively) may have been triggered by this earthquake. The Coulomb stress change imparted by the rupture of these segments on nearby faults is investigated, with a focus on regions that experience a stress increase with few associated aftershocks. Of particular interest are stress increases on the central back-arc thrust just north of Flores and the north–south-striking Selayar fault in the northwest of our study region, both of which may be at increased risk of failure as a result of this unusual earthquake sequence.

Focal mechanism

North Anatolian Fault

Thrust fault

10.1785/0320220015

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Citations (16)