Accurately obtaining the original information of an in-situ rock via coring is a significant guiding step for exploring and developing deep oil and gas resources. It is difficult for traditional coring technology and equipment to preserve the original information in deep rocks. This study develops a technology for in-situ substance-preserved (ISP), moisture-preserved (IMP), and light-preserved (ILP) coring. This technology stores the original information in real time by forming a solid sealing film on the in-situ sample during coring. This study designed the ISP-IMP-ILP-Coring process and tool. In addition, an ISP-IMP-ILP-Coring process simulation system was developed. The effects of temperature, pressure, and film thickness on the quality of the in-situ film were investigated by performing in-situ film-forming simulation experiments. A solid sealing film with a thickness of 2–3 mm can be formed; it completely covers the core sample and has uniform thickness. The film maintains good ISP-IMP-ILP properties and can protect the core sample in the in-situ environment steadily. This study verifies the feasibility of “film formation during coring” technology and provides strong support for the engineering application of ISP-IMP-ILP-Coring technology.
Abstract Direct hydrogen production from inexhaustible seawater using abundant offshore wind power offers a promising pathway for achieving a sustainable energy industry and fuel economy. Various direct seawater electrolysis methods have been demonstrated to be effective at the laboratory scale. However, larger-scale in situ demonstrations that are completely free of corrosion and side reactions in fluctuating oceans are lacking. Here, fluctuating conditions of the ocean were considered for the first time, and seawater electrolysis in wave motion environment was achieved. We present the successful scaling of a floating seawater electrolysis system that employed wind power in Xinghua Bay and the integration of a 1.2 Nm 3 h −1 -scale pilot system. Stable electrolysis operation was achieved for over 240 h with an electrolytic energy consumption of 5 kWh Nm −3 H 2 and a high purity (>99.9%) of hydrogen under fluctuating ocean conditions (0~0.9 m wave height, 0~15 m s −1 wind speed), which is comparable to that during onshore water electrolysis. The concentration of impurity ions in the electrolyte was low and stable over a long period of time under complex and changing scenarios. We identified the technological challenges and performances of the key system components and examined the future outlook for this emerging technology.
Basement buried hill reservoirs represent significant emerging prospects among the newly discovered growth poles in the deepwater areas of the northern South China Sea. Addressing the unclear key factors contributing to their formation, this study dissects successful global exploration cases of basement buried hill reservoirs and analyzes the common characteristics of basement reservoir accumulation under different basin types, structural backgrounds, basement lithologies, and oil and gas geological conditions. A three-element coupling relationship, termed "source-reservoir-cap", is proposed as the dominant mechanism controlling basement buried hill reservoir formation. The genesis of these reservoirs requires adequate oil and gas supply, appropriately sized accumulation bodies, and effective sealing layers. The optimal configuration of the "source-reservoir-cap" relationship directly influences the efficient charging and preservation of oil and gas within basement buried hill reservoirs. Four configurations are identified, including circumstances such as the source-underlying low-positioned basement buried hill with a "source-reservoir cover docking migration type", the source-border middle-positioned basement buried hill with a "source-reservoir lateral window docking migration type", and the source-outside high-positioned basement buried hill with both "source-reservoir short-distance transport and migration type" and "source-reservoir long-distance transport and migration type". The first to three models present favorable accumulation conditions. Based on the "source-reservoir-cap" three-element coupled model, this study identifies the Yunkai basement buried hill in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, the central depression in the Qiongdongnan Basin, and the northern and southern basement buried hills belts as crucial exploration targets in the deepwater areas of the northern South China Sea.
Deep petroleum resources are stored under high temperature and pressure conditions, with the temperature having a significant influence on the properties of rocks. Deep in-situ temperature-preserved coring (ITP-coring) devices were developed to assess deep petroleum reserves accurately. Herein, hollow glass microspheres (HGMs)/silicone rubber (SR) composites that exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties were prepared as thermal insulation materials for deep ITP-coring devices. The mechanism and process of heat transfer in the composites were explored, as well as their other properties. The results show that the HGMs exhibit good compatibility with the SR matrix. When the volume fraction of the HGMs is increased to 50%, the density of the HGMs/SR composites is reduced from 0.97 to 0.56 g/cm3. The HGMs filler introduces large voids into the composites, reducing their thermal conductivity to 0.11 W/m·K. The addition of HGMs into the composites further enhances the thermal stability of the SR, wherein the higher the HGMs filler content, the better the thermal stability of the composites. HGMs significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the SR. HGMs increase the compressive strength of the composites by 828% and the tensile strength by 164%. Overall, HGMs improve the thermal insulation, pressure resistance, and thermal stability of HGMs/SR composites.
Scientific research on deep in situ resources is highly important to the theory and technology system construction for deep in-situ resource exploitation. To obtain high-condition preserved core samples, it is vital to maintain the original material, humidity and luminous flux information inside the core. Therefore, this study proposes a research and development strategy for a high-toughness and high-barrier sealing film based on the molecular structure design and filler synergistic enhancement via a deep solid-state sealing film using in situ substance preservation (ISP), in situ moisture preservation (IMP) and in situ light preservation (ILP) coring principles. A graphene/epoxy composite sealing film with a high barrier, high strength and high toughness was developed. The oxygen permeability of the film was 0.23 cm3/(m2·d), the water vapor permeability was 1.26 g/(m2·d), and the light transmittance was 0. The tensile strength reached 15.4 MPa, and the toughness was 5242.9 kJ/m3. The results from the film substance and moisture preservation performance verification experiments showed that the sealing film had an excellent sealing effect on small molecules, such as water, alkanes and even ions, which further verified that the sealing film greatly contributed to the maintenance and preservation of deep in situ resource reserves and abundance.
The injection molding procedure and the compression molding procedure of foamed polypropylene composite are studied. The pore diameter, pore density, and microscopic topography for polypropylene composites was studied by experiments of slicing samples. The foamed temperature is very important for foamed property of the foamed polypropylene composite materials. To analyze the effect of temperature distribution, the virtual boundary meshfree Galerkin method (VBMGM) was employed the radial basis function interpolation method to obtain a detailed discretization formula. The temperature of experiment and numerical calculation from zone a to zone d in different zones of the injection molding procedure is reduced from 406.35 K to 311.63 K; the temperature from Ma zone to Md zone in the compression molding procedure is reduced from 326.35 K to 309.14 K. The experimental observation of the injection molding procedure shows that the foamed property in zone c is ideal, and the average pore diameter and pore density are 26.5 µm and 2.43×10
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