According to the survey data on Pb in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991 and the horizontal and vertical matter content change model put out by the author, the horizontal loss, vertical dilution and vertical accumulation of Pb surface content were calculated. And a model block diagram of the horizontal and vertical changes in Pb content was determined. Therefore, in May and August, the absolute loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and the bottom layer varies from 1.12 to 13.81 μg/L, and the relative loss amount of the surface layer and the bottom layer Pb content ranges from 16.74 to 73.31%. The bottom content of Pb table has an absolute vertical dilution of 0.83-9.31μg/L, and its relative vertical dilution is 4.64-58.18%. The content of the bottom layer of the Pb table has an absolute vertical accumulation of 1.30 μg / L, and its relative vertical accumulation amount is 23.33%. In May and August, in the waters from the northern part of the Bay mouth through the bay to the center of the bay, the horizontal loss of Pb surface layer content was relatively high, reaching 43.61-73.31%, and the horizontal loss of Pb bottom layer content was relatively low, reaching 16.7437.47%. The variation of the amount of horizontal loss reveals that the Pb content only passes through the waters in the bay. In May and August, the waters from the northern part of the mouth of the bay through the bay to the center of the bay caused a relatively high level of surface loss and a relatively low level of bottom loss. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The variation of the vertical loss amount reveals that when the surface Pb content of the water body changes from 16.00 μg/L to 4.27 μg/L, the vertical dilution amount of the bottom layer content of the Pb table changes to 28.33%. When the surface Pb content of the water changed from 31.66 μg/L to 17.85 μg/L, the vertical dilution of the Pb surface underlayer content changed from 14.02% to 4.64%. Humans need a large number of ships for maritime transport, and seawater containing lead (Pb) appears at the ship's dock. In this way, humans have continued Pb emissions to the marine environment, causing Pb pollution in the waters around the ship's wharf. As a result, Pb is brought to the surface layer of the seawater, and during the vertical migration process, the water is passed from the surface layer to the seabed [1-6]. Therefore, using the horizontal substance content change model and the vertical matter content change model proposed by the author, the horizontal migration process and vertical sedimentation process of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay waters were demonstrated by using the survey data on Pb content in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991. The pollution process and pollution degree of Pb from water transport from ship docks are described, which provides a scientific basis for the study of vertical sedimentation and horizontal migration of Pb in the surface and bottom waters.
Abstract Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay in May, June, July, August, September and October 1980, the bottom water temperature and its horizontal distribution in Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results show that the bottom water temperature of Jiaozhou Bay ranged between 10.18°C-25.72°C in May, June, July, August, September and October, and the bottom seawater temperature reached above 10.00°C. This indicates that the bottom water temperature of Jiaozhou Bay was relatively high in May, June, July, August, September and October, which showed the number, location, scale and temperature change sequence of isothermal water mass in Jiaozhou Bay in May, June, July, August, September and October were determined.
Abstract Based on the horizontal and vertical matter content changing models proposed by the author himself, this article calculates the horizontal loss amount, vertical disputed amount and vertical sediment amount, and determines the block diagram of horizontal and vertical Cd content changing model, applying the investigation matters about the Cd content of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August, and October, 1992. According to the calculation results of horizontal loss amount and horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the bottom layer and the vertical disputed amount and vertical sediment amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layer, the author proposes the dynamic migration process of Cd content in Jiaozhou Bay, pinpoint the migration direction and route of Cd content from southeast waters to the center waters of the bay in May, August and October: sources→surface layer of southeast water→bottom layer of southeast water→bottom layer of center water→surface layer of center water, and get the dynamic changing process of absolute and relative migration amount of Cd content.
Based on research data of the Jiaozhou Bay waters in May, August, and October 1992, the current transportation process and the various sources of Pb contents in the Jiaozhou Bay water body were studied. According to the Yang Dongfang migration law of the content, the results show that: after the ocean current with high levels of Pb content enters the Jiaozhou Bay, spatial change process of the sources carrying Pb content in May, August and October is shown with the transportation of the ocean current. Also, the model block diagram is used to reveal the change process of Pb content imported by ocean currents into the waters of Jiaozhou Bay. The location, magnitude, type, and time of the four sources of Pb content in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay were determined, which are the transportation of ships and terminals, surface runoffs, rivers, and offshore currents. Pb content of surface runoff transport is relatively low, and the transport time is short. Whereas Pb content of the ship terminal is increasing, and the time of transportation is also raising. And the content of Pb transported by rivers is the highest, and it has been transporting from land to sea nonstop throughout the year. Offshore currents carry a very high level of Pb content and constantly transporting it to the water body with low content of Pb. During the year, ships and terminals, land, and rivers were heavily polluted by Pb content, as well as the entire ocean. Among the rivers entering the sea around Jiaozhou Bay, there are four main ones: Haibo River, Licun River, Loushan River, and Dagu River. The sequence of Pb content transported by the rivers from high to low is listed as following: Licun River>Loushan River>Dagu River>Haibo River. The delivery time of Pb content in Licun River is the longer as delivery time in Haibo River, Loushan River and Dagu River is the same. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly control the Pb content from river transportation.
Abstract Based on the investigation data on Jiaozhou Bay in May and October 1979, the vertical distribution and seasonal variation of salinity in the surface and bottom waters from the inner waters to the outer waters of Jiaozhou Bay were studied, and the seasonal distribution, variation range and horizontal distribution trend of the salinity in surface and bottom layers were determined. The results showed that from May to October, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth, the inner waters of the bay mouth and the outer waters of the bay mouth, the seasonal change of salinity in both surface and bottom layers from low to high was: autumn and spring. In Jiaozhou Bay, from the inner water area to the outer water area, in May and October, the variation ranges of salinity in surface and bottom layers were basically the same. When the salinity content in surface was relatively low, that of the corresponding bottom layer was relatively low; when the salinity content in surface was relatively high, that of the corresponding bottom layer was relatively high. It showed that the salinity was fully transported to every part of the ocean through horizontal current transport and vertical eddy mixing. In Jiaozhou Bay, from the waters inside the bay mouth to the waters of the bay mouth, the horizontal distribution trends of salinity in the surface and bottom were opposite in May and the consistent in October. In May and October, the horizontal distribution trends of salinity in surface and bottom from the bay mouth to the outside of the bay mouth were consistent. Therefore, from May to October, in the inner waters of Jiaozhou Bay mouth, bay mouth waters and the outer waters of bay mouth, the seasonal variation mechanism of salinity in surface and bottom: both high and low salinity were transported by horizontal currents from the outer water area of the bay mouth to the water area of the bay mouth, and then to the inner water area of the bay mouth, which determined the seasonal variation mechanism of salinity in surface and bottom.
Abstract Applying the survey data of the Cd content in the water of Jiaozhou Bay in October 1992, from the southern waters of the bay mouth to the southeastern waters, the author calculates out the horizontal loss amount, the vertical disputed amount and the vertical sediment amount of the Cd content in the surface and bottom of the water body and determines the model block diagram of the horizontal and vertical changes of Cd content, based on the content changing models of the horizontal matter and the vertical matter proposed by the author himself. The calculation results show that in October, the absolutely horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layer is 0.12-0.89μg/L, and the relatively horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layer is 23.52-74.78%. In the southern waters of the bay mouth, the Cd content in the surface and bottom layer has an absolutely vertical disputed amount of 0.09μg/L, and its relatively vertical disputed amount is 23.07%. In the southeastern waters of the bay, the Cd content in the surface and bottom layer has an absolutely vertical sediment amount of 0.68μg/L, and its relatively vertical sediment amount is 57.14%. There is the Haibo River near the southeastern waters of Jiaozhou Bay. In October, the Cd content of the Haibo River is 0.51μg/L, which is higher than the Cd content of 0.39μg/L carried by ocean currents. It provides a lot of supplements to the ocean currents passing the southeastern waters of the bay. During the horizontal migration of the Cd content in the surface and bottom layer, Haibo River supplements the Cd content in the ocean current with the loss and increase of the surface and bottom layer. Through the horizontal changing model of matter content, the horizontal increase of the surface Cd content is calculated. The absolute increase of the Cd content is 0.12μg/L, and the relative increase is 23.52%. Similarly, the horizontal increase of Cd content in the bottom layer is calculated. The absolute increase of Cd content is 0.89μg/L, and the relative increase is 74.78%. During the vertical migration process, the vertical change of the Cd content in the southern waters of the bay mouth and the southeastern waters of the bay reveals the following law: when the surface Cd content is low, the waters present a vertical dilution of the Cd content at the surface and bottom layer, and there is no Cd content accumulation on the seafloor. When the Cd content in the surface layers is high, the waters present a vertical accumulation of Cd content in the surface and bottom layers, and there is an accumulation of Cd content on the seafloor. According to the formula for calculating the Cd content of river sources proposed by author himself, the Cd content of the surface of Haibo River source from land is calculated to be 1.01 μg/L.
With the help of the data about Cd in the southeast and southwest waters of Jiaozhou bay and models of horizontal and vertical matter content variation proposed by the authors, horizontal loss amount and vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer are calculated, and the model block diagrams of horizontal and vertical variation of Cd content are determined. The calculation shows that in August, the absolutely horizontal loss amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer was 0.06-0.43μg/L, and the relatively horizontal loss amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer was 42.85-57.33%. In the southeast and southwest waters of the bay, the absolutely verticaldiluted amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer was 0.24-0.61μg/L, and the relatively vertical diluted amount was 75.00-81.33%. In the process of horizontal migration in August, in the surface waters, the main sea current carried Cd content through a circle of the nearshore waters in the bay, and there was almost no source of Cd content. Therefore, in the horizontal migration process of Cd content, after a long journey, the Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer got a lot of losses. Specifically, the absolutely horizontal loss amount was 0.06- 0.43μg/L, and the relatively horizontal loss amount was 42.85-57.33%, which proved Dongfang Yang’s migration law of matter content put forward by the authors. In the process of vertical migration in August, the Cd content transported by the main sea current was higher in the southeast waters of the bay, and the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer was 81.33%. The main sea current reached the waters of the southwest bay from the waters of the southeast bay through a circle of the nearshore waters in the bay. At this time, the Cd content transported by the main sea current was relatively low in the waters of the southwest bay, but the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer was still very high, which was 75.00%. It reveals that the vertical diluted amount of Cd content in the surface layer and bottom layer was very high in any water area, whether the Cd content is high or low.
Abstract According to the data on the investigation of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August and October, 1992, the Pb content and the horizontal distribution in the surface of Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results show that in May, the open ocean current with a high content of Pb entered Jiaozhou Bay surrounding the nearshore waters of the bay. In August, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was only one high Pb content source - open ocean current transportation. The open ocean current entered Jiaozhou Bay with a high content of Pb. The ocean current passed from the outside of the bay to the inside through the bay mouth with 37.53 μg/L Pb content. Then the ocean current made a circle around the inshore waters of Jiaozhou Bay, bringing a high Pb content zone of 11.30 - 27.44 μg/L. At this point, a low Pb content area of 5.53 μg/L appeared in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay. So, in August, the open ocean current with a high content of Pb moved into Jiaozhou Bay. Then it surrounded the nearshore waters of the bay. By the authors’ Dongfang Yang’s migration law of material content, it is obtained that the open ocean current with high Pb content moves into Jiaozhou Bay. And with the continuous decrease of Pb content, the flow path of the open ocean current in the bay, illustrated by a model block diagram, is left. Furthermore, the migration law reveals that the unit water body with the ocean current returns to the inlet water in a counterclockwise direction along the inshore water in the bay. Thus, under the combined action of ocean current and tide, this unit of water body shows zigzag movement from east to north and to west along the eastern, northern and western coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, leaving the center of the bay barely affected by the unit water. The unit body of water has a circular center in the center of the bay and a zigzag motion along the edges. Moreover, the topography and geomorphology of the bottom of Jiaozhou Bay also confirm the movement track of the ocean current in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay proposed by the authors.
Using investigation on Cadmium (Cd) in surface and bottom waters in this bay during 1984-1988 (in absence of 1987), this paper analyzed the horizontal distributions of Cd, calculated the absolute and relative settlement and accumulation of Cd. Results showed that the settlement of Cd was rapid, resulting in the consistency of Cd contents in surface and bottom waters. In case of little source input, Cd contents in waters were very homogeneous with a small differenct of 0.01 µg L−1. The absolute and relative settlement amounts of Cd were 0.14-6.47 µg L−1 and 70.0-99.8%, respectively. The absolute and relative acumulation amounts of Cd were 0.10-1.29 µg L−1 and 55.5-100.0%, respectively. The settlement/accumulation of Cd in bottom waters were high/low in case of Cd contents in surface waters were high/low. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the migration processes of substances in marine bay, we provided Yang's Clearing-up Feature, as well as the mathematical expression.
Yang, D.; Jing, D.; Yang, D.; Zhang, L., and Li, H., 2020. Sedimentation process of petroleum from different sources in the Jiaozhou Bay. In: Yang, D.F. and Wang, H. (eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Geology and Environmental Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 108, pp. 166–172. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Based on the investigation data of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) in Jiaozhou Bay in May, August, and October 1992, according to horizontal material content variation model and vertical material content variation model proposed by in this study, horizontal loss amount, vertical dilution amount, and vertical sediment amount of PHC content in the surface and at the bottom were calculated, and the modeling chart of horizontal and vertical PHC content variation were determined. The results show that the horizontal absolute loss amount of PHC content in the surface and at the bottom of the bay in May, August, and October ranged from 0.001 mg/L to 0.048 mg/L, and the horizontal relative loss amount of PHC content in the surface and at the bottom ranged from 2.77% to 77.41%. Both in the surface and at the bottom, the absolute vertical dilution amount of PHC ranged between 0.010–0.013 mg/L, and the relative vertical dilution amount was 36.11–41.66%; the absolute vertical accumulation amount of PHC was 0.004–0.020 mg/L, and the relative vertical accumulation amount was 28.57–32.25%. In the process of horizontal migration, if there is much PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) loss amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively high; if there is little PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) loss amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively low. In the process of vertical migration, if there is much PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) accumulation amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively high; if there is little PHC transported from sources, the relative (absolute) dilution amount of PHC in the surface and at the bottom is relatively high. The sedimentation process of PHC from different sources presented in this paper reveals that there is difference of sedimentation process between PHC transported through open sea currents and PHC in the local water.
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