Chenming Tu

China University of Geosciences

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Qing Liang

China University of Geosciences

Chao Chen

China University of Geosciences

Zhengwang Hu

China University of Geosciences

Chunhui Tao

Centre de physique des particules de Marseille

Zhikui Guo

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel

Jianli Zhi

China University of Geosciences

Pengyu Liu

China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Hailong Li

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

Fayez Harash

China University of Geosciences

Jinsong Du

China University of Geosciences

Cooperative Institutions

China University of Geosciences

Ministry of Natural Resources

China University of Geosciences (Beijing)

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Second Institute of Oceanography

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

East China University of Technology

China University of Petroleum, Beijing

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel

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The Upper-Mantle Density Variation Beneath the South Atlantic Ocean and its Implications for Hotspots and Large Igneous Provinces

SSRN Electronic Journal (2022)

Chenming Tu Chao Chen Qing Liang Zhengwang Hu

The South Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR), the most typical slow-spreading ridge on the Earth, is a significant area to study the oceanic crust-mantle evolution. We used gravity data and the S-wave velocity model to derive a 3D density model of the upper-mantle beneath the South Atlantic Ocean to better understand the relationship between ridges, hotspots, and large igneous provinces (LIPs). Any density variations are related to thermal and compositional changes in the upper-mantle. The segment near the Agulhas-Falkland (AF) Fracture Zone (FZ) is characterized by low-density but inconspicuous low-velocity anomalies reflecting the depleted composition. Its composition is different from the northern part of the SMAR. A low-density layer that extends 400 km from the ridge to the Discovery hotspot and that disappears near the AF FZ, is also present. The higher degree of mantle melting beneath the segment near the AF FZ is most probably influenced by the residual plume materials from the Discovery hotspot. Deep low densities beneath the Rio Grande Rise (RGR) and the Walvis Ridge (WR) indicate a higher degree of melting and their formation is probably influenced by the Tristan da Cunha plume. When the RGR and the WR are driven away from the plume, their original hot materials cool down and present as cold and dense uppermost mantle deposits.

Variation (astronomy)

Hotspot (geology)

10.2139/ssrn.4076079

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广西地区岩石圈表层与深部构造之关联性：源于岩石圈密度与磁性结构的解读

Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences (2022)

Hailong Li Zhengwang Hu Jinsong Du Chenming Tu Jianli Zhi

摘要: 广西地处华南地块、印支地块与西太平洋板块的汇合部位，因特殊的构造部位，广西区内大地构造单元归属、构造单元边界等许多基础地质问题一直存在争议.自新生代以来的板块构造运动对岩石圈的改造，广西地壳与上地幔在地震波速度及温度结构方面具有显著差异.应用卫星重、磁异常数据以及区域重力和航磁资料对广西地区岩石圈密度和磁化率结构及其与上地壳构造的关系开展了研究，结果显示广西地区地壳密度和上地壳磁性结构与现今地表构造较为契合，但下地壳密度结构与上地幔存在不连续现象；此外，岩石圈磁化率结构指示中下地壳存在不同范围和程度的解耦.对广西岩石圈密度与磁性结构的解读认为，在中生代以来岩石圈被大规模改造的背景下，幔源物质上侵至上地壳的规模和范围都有限，这可能是整个广西地区上地幔结构与地壳构造不对应的主要原因. 关键词: 广西地区 / 重磁异常 / 岩石圈 / 密度结构 / 磁性结构 / 地球物理.

10.3799/dqkx.2021.025

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Gravity Data Reveal New Evidence of an Axial Magma Chamber Beneath Segment 27 in the Southwest Indian Ridge

Minerals (2022)

Chenming Tu Qing Liang Chunhui Tao Zhikui Guo Zhengwang Hu

Hydrothermal systems are integral to mid-ocean ridge activity; they form massive seafloor sulfide (SMS) deposits rich in various metallic elements, which are potential mineral resources. Since 2007, many hydrothermal fields have been discovered along the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The Duanqiao hydrothermal field is located at segment 27’s axis between the Indomed and Gallieni transform faults; tomography models reveal an obvious low-velocity anomaly beneath it, indicating a possible axial magma chamber (AMC). However, confirmation of an AMC’s existence requires further study and evidence. In this study, we first calculated the gravity effect to identify the heterogeneous distribution of crustal density beneath segment 27 and the surrounding area. Next, we used the gravity-inversion method to obtain the crustal density structure beneath the study area. The results indicate that a thickened crust and low-density crustal materials exist beneath segment 27. The low-density anomaly in the lower crust beneath the Duanqiao hydrothermal field suggests the existence of an AMC covered with a cold and dense upper crust. The density results identify several faults, which provide potential channels for magma migration. In addition, the melt migrates westward and redistributes laterally toward the segment’s western end. However, when migrating toward the segment’s eastern end, the melt is affected by a rapid cooling mechanism. Therefore, the segment’s ends present different density features and morphologies of nontransform discontinuities (NTDs).

Seafloor Spreading

Magma chamber

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Caldera

Classification of discontinuities

10.3390/min12101221

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3-D density structure of the upper-mantle in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and surrounding region using gravity inversion constrained by seismic velocity model

Tectonophysics (2023)

Fayez Harash Chao Chen Qing Liang Chenming Tu Nadhir Al‐Ansari

A 3D density structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) and its adjacent region was constructed based on gravity anomaly inversion constrained by a seismic tomography model. Gravity effects of terrain and crust were removed from the observed gravity field (EIGEN-6C4) to obtain the residual mantle gravity anomaly (RMGA). The density distribution of the lithosphere and upper mantle was investigated. The 3D inversion process was constrained by an initial density model projected from the shear-wave velocity model (SL2013sv). The results show some characteristics of the density distribution in the lithosphere and in the upper mantle that could be related to the tectonic importance of the Mediterranean Sea and the surrounding region. A low-density zone dominates the lithosphere beneath the Sea except for the area around the Arabia Shield and North Anatolian Fault belt. A thinner, high-density layer beneath the southwest of the Sea may be related to the older oceanic lithospheric fragments. The high-density anomalies appear at depths below 280 km beneath the Sea and the Turkish Aegean Sea Plate. However, the low-density anomalies appear on the upper mantle under the trenches of the southwestern part of the Mediterranean Sea, the eastern part of the Aegean Sea, the Red Sea, the Black Sea, and the middle of the Arabia shield. The deep structure under the Eratosthenes seamount in the Mediterranean Sea is the source of the intensity and genesis of tectonic activity. Furthermore, the convergence region of two low-density anomaly zones (Africa-Anatolia) may be interpreted as a significant tectonic unit (Eratosthenes seamount) caused by the arrival of the relatively thick and buoyant Eratosthenes block to its present location south of Cyprus in Holocene time based on the density model interpretation beneath the Mediterranean Sea during the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary period.

Seismic Tomography

Seamount

10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229906

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The upper-mantle density variation beneath the South Atlantic Ocean and its implications for hotspots and large igneous provinces

Tectonophysics (2023)

Chenming Tu Chao Chen Qing Liang Zhengwang Hu Chunhui Tao

Hotspot (geology)

Mantle plume

Seamount

Large igneous province

Fracture zone

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

10.1016/j.tecto.2023.229755

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