Soon‐Il An

Yonsei University

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Jong‐Seong Kug

Seoul National University

Sang‐Wook Yeh

Hanyang University

Fei‐Fei Jin

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Jae‐Heung Park

Seoul National University

Jongsoo Shin

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Seung‐Ki Min

Pohang University of Science and Technology

Soong‐Ki Kim

Yonsei University

Young‐Min Yang

Jeonbuk National University

Mi‐Kyung Sung

Korea Institute of Science and Technology

Axel Timmermann

Pusan National University

Cooperative Institutions

Yonsei University

Seoul National University

Pohang University of Science and Technology

Pusan National University

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

University of Hawaii System

Chinese Academy of Sciences

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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The impact of tropical western Pacific convection on the North Pacific atmospheric circulation during the boreal winter

Climate Dynamics (2014)

Jae‐Heung Park Soon‐Il An

Hadley cell

Walker circulation

Atmospheric Circulation

Jet stream

Boundary current

10.1007/s00382-013-2047-7

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Citations (34)

El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity

Nature (2018)

Axel Timmermann Soon‐Il An Jong‐Seong Kug Fei‐Fei Jin Wenju Cai

Oscillation (cell signaling)

10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6

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Citations (900)

Decadal change in relationship between east Asian and WNP summer monsoons

Geophysical Research Letters (2005)

MinHo Kwon Jong‐Ghap Jhun Bin Wang Soon‐Il An Jong‐Seong Kug

It has been recognized that the intensity of the east Asian (EA) summer monsoon has a negative correlation with that of the western North Pacific (WNP) summer monsoon. Here we show that this relationship is much stronger in the recent decade (1994–2004) than in the epoch before 1994 (1979–1993). The first two leading modes of summer‐mean precipitation over the large region of the WNP and EA region are shown to be associated with two factors: the ENSO development and the WNP summer monsoon fluctuation. The leading mode has changed from an ENSO‐related mode in 1979–1993 to a WNP summer monsoon‐related mode in the recent decade (1994–2004). The summer‐mean mid‐tropospheric geopotential heights that are correlated with the WNP monsoon index also show a marked change in the teleconnection (wave‐train) pattern between 1994–2004 and 1979–1993. All together this evidence suggests that the relationship between the EA and the WNP summer monsoons has experienced a significant decadal change around 1993–1994.

Teleconnection

Geopotential height

Mode (computer interface)

10.1029/2005gl023026

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Citations (151)

East Asian winter monsoon and its relationship with snow cover and global climate

대기 (2002)

Eun‐Jeong Lee Jong‐Ghap Jhun Bin Wang Soon‐Il An

Snow line

Snow field

Source

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Citations (0)

Impact of ENSO on East Asian winter monsoon during interglacial periods: effect of orbital forcing

Climate Dynamics (2017)

Soon‐Il An Hyo-Jeong Kim Wonsun Park Birgit Schneider

Orbital forcing

Forcing (mathematics)

Anomaly (physics)

10.1007/s00382-016-3506-8

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Citations (14)

Asymmetric hysteresis response of mid-latitude storm tracks to CO2 removal

Nature Climate Change (2024)

Jaeyoung Hwang Seok‐Woo Son Chaim I. Garfinkel Tim Woollings Hyunsuk Yoon

Hysteresis

10.1038/s41558-024-01971-x

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Citations (4)

Altered atmospheric responses to eastern Pacific and central Pacific El Niños over the North Atlantic region due to stratospheric interference

Climate Dynamics (2013)

Mi‐Kyung Sung Baek-Min Kim Soon‐Il An

Teleconnection

Quasi-biennial oscillation

Tropopause

Sudden stratospheric warming

Atmospheric Circulation

10.1007/s00382-012-1661-0

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Citations (35)

Two regimes of inter-basin interactions between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans on interannual timescales

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (2023)

Jae‐Heung Park Sang‐Wook Yeh Jong‐Seong Kug Young‐Min Yang Hyun‐Su Jo

Abstract Understanding the inter-basin interactions between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans is of great concern due to their substantial global climatic implications. By analyzing observational reanalysis datasets (1948–2020), we found that there are two regimes in Atlantic–Pacific inter-basin interactions: (1) the Pacific-driven regime, and (2) the Atlantic-driven regime. In the Pacific-driven regime before the mid-1980s, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in winter effectively drives the primary mode of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the tropical Atlantic (i.e., North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) mode) in the following spring. The NTA mode has a meridional contrast of SSTA along the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone, similar to the Atlantic Meridional Mode. Whereas, in the Atlantic-driven regime after the mid-1980s, the ENSO effect on the NTA becomes remarkably weaker, so that the NTA mode is featured with a SSTA monopole. Notably, the NTA mode without the meridional contrast of SSTA is capable of modulating an ENSO event with a lag. Our analyses of the latest climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phases 6 support the hypothesis that the two regimes engendered by the Atlantic–Pacific inter-basin interactions are likely due to natural variability.

Atlantic Equatorial mode

Tropical Atlantic

Atlantic hurricane

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Anomaly (physics)

Mode (computer interface)

10.1038/s41612-023-00332-3

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Citations (15)

Arctic Sea Ice Loss as a Potential Trigger for Central Pacific El Niño Events

Geophysical Research Letters (2020)

Hyerim Kim Sang‐Wook Yeh Soon‐Il An Jae‐Heung Park Baek‐Min Kim

Abstract Little attention has been paid to the influence of Arctic sea ice loss on climate variability in the tropical Pacific. By analyzing observational data sets, we hypothesized that anomalous Arctic sea ice concentration variations have the potential to influence tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability via atmosphere‐ocean coupled processes in the eastern subtropical North Pacific. To test this hypothesis, we conducted idealized model experiments with 15 ensembles in which historical SSTs for 1951–2016 were restored in the Arctic only with different initial conditions. We found that a positive phase of North Pacific Oscillation‐like atmospheric circulation, which is modulated by a sea ice reduction in the Pacific Arctic sector, triggers El Niño‐like warming in the central tropical Pacific. This implies that connections between the Arctic and the tropics should be considered for further understanding of changes in El Niño and other tropical Pacific climate variability in a changing climate.

Arctic geoengineering

Arctic dipole anomaly

Tropical Eastern Pacific

10.1029/2020gl087028

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Citations (23)

Hysteresis of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation to CO ₂ forcing

Science Advances (2023)

Chao Liu Soon‐Il An Fei‐Fei Jin Jongsoo Shin Jong‐Seong Kug

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the strongest interannual climate variability with far-reaching socioeconomic consequences. Many studies have investigated ENSO-projected changes under future greenhouse warming, but its responses to plausible mitigation behaviors remain unknown. We show that ENSO sea surface temperature (SST) variability and associated global teleconnection patterns exhibit strong hysteretic responses to carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction based on the 28-member ensemble simulations of the CESM1.2 model under an idealized CO2 ramp-up and ramp-down scenario. There is a substantial increase in the ensemble-averaged eastern Pacific SST anomaly variance during the ramp-down period compared to the ramp-up period. Such ENSO hysteresis is mainly attributed to the hysteretic response of the tropical Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone meridional position to CO2 removal and is further supported by several selected single-member Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulations. The presence of ENSO hysteresis leads to its amplified and prolonged impact in a warming climate, depending on the details of future mitigation pathways.

Teleconnection

Anomaly (physics)

Forcing (mathematics)

Intertropical Convergence Zone

Multivariate ENSO index

Hysteresis

10.1126/sciadv.adh8442

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Citations (18)