Diogo Rosa

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

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Carlos Inverno

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

João Xavier Matos

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Carlos Rosa

University of Lisbon

Daniel de Oliveira

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Pierpaolo Guarnieri

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

Zélia Pereira

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Jorge M. R. S. Relvas

University of Lisbon

Erik Vest Sørensen

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

Rute Salgueiro

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Fernanda Guimarães

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Cooperative Institutions

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

University of Lisbon

University of Copenhagen

Geocenter Denmark

National Institute of Engineering, Technology and Innovation

Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

Instituto Dom Luiz

Mineral Resources

University of Adelaide

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The Black Angel deposit, Greenland: a Paleoproterozoic evaporite-related Mississippi Valley-type Zn–Pb deposit

Mineralium Deposita (2022)

Diogo Rosa David N. Leach Pierpaolo Guarnieri Andrey Bekker

Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Mârmorilik Formation in the Karrat basin of West Greenland hosts the Black Angel Zn–Pb deposit. Chlorine-rich scapolite, zones with vuggy porosity and quartz nodules in the ore-bearing marble are herein interpreted to represent metamorphosed, vanished, and replaced evaporites, respectively. Mineralization is closely associated with anhydrite with δ 34 S values (5.2–12.6‰) broadly comparable to published values for Paleoproterozoic seawater sulfate. Considering the fundamental attributes of the mineralization and host sequence, a Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) model is the most obvious explanation for mineralization. Overlying the ore-bearing sequence are organic-rich semipelites and massive calcitic marbles, which may have served as seals for hydrocarbon or reduced sulfur and acted as chemical traps for deposition of the sulfidic ore. The Mârmorilik Formation contained an interlayered sulfate-rich evaporite-carbonate sequence, a common setting for MVT deposits in the late Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic, but unique among the few known MVT deposits in the Paleoproterozoic. This ca. 1915 Ma evaporite-carbonate platform is younger than sulfate evaporites deposited during and immediately after the ca. 2220–2060 Ma Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion and records a significant seawater sulfate level during a time interval when it was assumed that it had been too low to form extensive evaporite deposits. Therefore, MVT and clastic-dominated (CD) Zn–Pb deposits in the geological record might progressively fill the apparent gap in marine sulfate evaporites and provide unique insights into Proterozoic seawater sulfate level. Considering the sequence of tectonic events that affected the Karrat basin, the mineralization took place between Nagssugtoqidian collision (< 1860 Ma) and Rinkian metamorphism (ca. 1830 Ma).

Anhydrite

δ34S

10.1007/s00126-022-01125-z

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Citations (11)

Nature and Origin of a Massive Sulfide Occurrence in the Karrat Group: Evidence for Paleoproterozoic VMS Mineralization in Central West Greenland

Economic Geology (2023)

Y.M. DeWolfe Jochen Kolb Erik Vest Sørensen Diogo Rosa Pierpaolo Guarnieri

Abstract Mafic volcanic rocks of the Kangilleq Formation of the Paleoproterozoic Karrat Group host volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) mineralization in the area of central Kangiusap Kuua, central West Greenland. The mafic volcanic rocks display evidence of subaqueous, effusive eruption and redeposition by mass debris flows generated along fault scarps on the sea floor. A zone of semiconformable quartz alteration and disconformable chlorite alteration within hydrothermal breccias and mafic tuff breccias near the top of the volcanic sequence is interpreted to reflect a synvolcanic hydrothermal system. Conformable, massive to semimassive, and discordant, stringer-style sulfide mineralization is hosted within the quartz- and chlorite-altered volcanic rocks. The massive to semimassive sulfide mineralization is ~10 m thick and crops out along strike for ~2,000 m. The stringer zone is ≤10 m thick with individual sulfide stringers ranging in width from 5 to 90 cm. All sulfide zones are dominated by coarse pyrrhotite and pyrite, with trace amounts of sphalerite and chalcopyrite. The pillow lavas are subalkaline with geochemical characteristics typical of modern transitional to tholeiitic mid-ocean ridge or back-arc basin basalt. Trace element and Nd isotope data suggest that these lavas erupted in an epicratonic, back-arc basin. Characteristics of the host rocks indicate a period of localized rifting, volcanism, and VMS formation during genesis of the Karrat Group, which is dominated by siliciclastic rocks.

Breccia

Felsic

10.5382/econgeo.5036

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Citations (5)

U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotope ratios of magmatic zircons from the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Mineralogy and Petrology (2008)

Diogo Rosa Adrian A. Finch Tom Andersen Carlos Inverno

Geochronology

Protolith

Baltic Shield

Felsic

10.1007/s00710-008-0022-5

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Citations (141)

Alluvial nodular monazite in Monfortinho (Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal): Regional distribution and genesis

Journal of Geochemical Exploration (2019)

Rute Salgueiro Carlos Inverno Daniel de Oliveira Fernanda Guimarães José Alberto Lencastre

Allanite

Cassiterite

Tourmaline

Ilmenite

Heavy mineral

10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106444

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Geology of the Rosário–Neves Corvo antiform, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal: new insights from physical volcanology, palynostratigraphy and isotope geochronology studies

Mineralium Deposita (2013)

J. T. Oliveira Carlos Rosa Zélia Pereira Diogo Rosa João Xavier Matos

Felsic

Geochronology

Greenschist

Anticline

Viséan

10.1007/s00126-012-0453-0

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Citations (46)

Critical metals and minerals in the Nordic countries of Europe: diversity of mineralization and green energy potential

Geological Society London Special Publications (2022)

Erik Jönsson T. Törmänen Jakob K. Keiding Terje Bjerkgård Pasi Eilu

Abstract Europe relies mainly on imports of critical raw materials (CRMs) for its industry, not least the vital ones for emerging green energy technologies. Among the main metal and mineral producers in Europe today, the Nordic countries (specifically, Greenland, Norway, Sweden and Finland) share a diverse geology with various deposit types formed over a long geological time span. This has led to large near-future potential with regard to CRM production. Based on current knowledge and datasets, we assess the Nordic geological potential for CRMs that are specifically relevant for green technologies, namely cobalt, graphite, hafnium, lithium, niobium, platinum-group metals, rare earth elements (REEs), silicon, tantalum, titanium and vanadium, describing the most important deposits, their setting and characteristics. Several Nordic CRM resources stand out in a European and even global context, such as the giant REE(–Nb–Ta–Hf) deposits in Greenland, while the REE–Nb–(Hf) deposits at Fen (Norway) and Norra Kärr (Sweden) are very significant for Europe; Finland is the only major cobalt producer, while Norway has very significant graphite and titanium resources and production. Furthermore, Sweden, Finland and Greenland have very large vanadium resources. In addition, we conclude that the Nordic research and exploration potential for most CRMs is large.

10.1144/sp526-2022-55

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Citations (18)

U-Pb geochronology of felsic volcanic rocks hosted in the Gafo Formation, South Portuguese Zone: the relationship with Iberian Pyrite Belt magmatism

Mineralogical Magazine (2008)

Diogo Rosa Adrian A. Finch Tom Andersen Carlos Inverno

Abstract Felsic volcanic rocks exposed in the Frasnian Gafo Formation, in the Azinhalinho area of Portugal, display very similar geochemical signatures to volcanic rocks from the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). located immediately to the south. The similarities include anomalously low high field-strength elements (HFSE) concentrations, possibly caused by low-temperature crustal melting, which translate into classification problems. A geochronological study, using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analyses of zircon grains from these rocks, has provided concordia ages of 356±1.5 Ma and 355±2.5 Ma for two samples of rhyodacite porphyry, and 356±1.4 Ma for a granular rhyodacite. These results show that volcanism at Azinhalinho was broadly contemporaneous with IPB volcanism, widely interpreted as being of Famennian to Visean age. Considering that the host rocks of the Azinhalinho volcanic rocks are Frasnian, and therefore deposited synchronously with the Upper Devonian Phyllite-Quartzite Group sedimentation in the IPB basin, the radiometric ages imply that the Azinhalinho felsic rocks are intrusive and likely represent conduits or feeders to the volcanism of the IPB.

Felsic

Geochronology

Dacite

10.1180/minmag.2008.072.5.1103

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Citations (14)

Large mercury release from the Greenland Ice Sheet invalidated

Science Advances (2024)

Christian Juncher Jørgensen Jens Søndergaard Martin Mørk Larsen Kristian K. Kjeldsen Diogo Rosa

The major input of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic is normally ascribed to long-range transport of anthropogenic Hg emissions. Recently, alarming concentrations of Hg in meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) were reported with bedrock as the proposed source. Reported Hg concentrations were 100 to 1000 times higher than in known freshwater systems of Greenland, calling for independent validation of the extraordinary concentrations and conclusions. Here, we present measurements of Hg at 21 glacial outlets in West Greenland showing that extreme Hg concentrations cannot be reproduced. In contrast, we find that meltwater from below the GrIS is very low in Hg, has minor implications for the global Hg budget, and pose only a very limited risk for local communities and the natural environment of Greenland.

Greenland ice sheet

Meltwater

Mercury

Groenlandia

Bedrock

Ice core

10.1126/sciadv.adi7760

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Citations (6)

Late Strunian age : a key time frame for VMS deposit exploration in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

João Xavier Matos Zélia Pereira Carlos Rosa Diogo Rosa José Tomás Oliveira

Estimate of geological environments favorable for the formation of massive sulphide deposits is an important goal to the exploration companies working in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), the main European VMS base metals province, with giant deposits such as Neves Corvo, Aljustrel (Portugal), Rio Tinto and Tharsis (Spain). Palynostratigraphic research programs using more than 40 exploration boreholes (>30 km length) allowed the dating of the sediments of the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex (upper Devonian to upper Visean), that host the massive sulphide deposits. Research is based on detailed palynomorphs study. Careful work was focused on dark grey and black shale units that host stockwork and massive ore mineralizations. Felsic volcanic U/Pb age data was also used to confirm the sediment age. Late Strunian (miospore biozone LN, 360.7 ± 0.7 Ma 362 Ma) sediments host the massive sulphide ore at Neves Corvo, Lousal, Caveira and Montinho, mines located in the Portuguese IPB sector. In Spain similar data was obtained at Aznalcollar and Tharsis. The age data show a favourable geological period of ~2 Ma were paleogeographic conditions were extremely favorable to hydrothermal fluid circulation and VMS deposits formation. Late Strunian age therefore becomes one key exploration guide in IPB.

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Stockwork

Tharsis

Devonian

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The volcanic-sedimentary sequence of the Lousal deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal [Abstract]

European geosciences union general assembly (2010)

Carlos Rosa Diogo Rosa João Xavier Matos Jorge M. R. S. Relvas

(1) LNEG (Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia), Estrada da Portela, Bairro do Zambujal, Apartado 7586, 2611-901 Alfragide, Portugal (carlos.rosa@lneg.pt), (2) CREMINER (Centro de Recursos Minerais, Mineralogia e Cristalografia), Faculdade de Ciencias Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C6, piso 3, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal., (3) LNEG (Laboratorio Nacional de Energia e Geologia), Rua Frei Amador Arrais, 39 R/C, 7801-902 Beja, Portugal., (4) Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Ed. C6, Piso 3, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.

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Citations (3)