Daniel Sauter

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Mathilde Cannat

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Giänreto Manatschal

Université de Strasbourg

Marc Munschy

Université de Strasbourg

Véronique Mendel

Université de Strasbourg

Julia Autin

Université de Strasbourg

Julie Tugend

CY Cergy Paris Université

Nick Kusznir

University of Liverpool

Sylvie Leroy

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Philippe Patriat

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Morgane Gillard

Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris

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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

129

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Université de Strasbourg

Université Paris Cité

Sorbonne Université

Sorbonne Paris Cité

Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Institut de Physique

Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières

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From magma-poor Ocean Continent Transitions to steady state oceanic spreading: the balance between tectonic and magmatic processes

EGUGA (2016)

Morgane Gillard Giänreto Manatschal Julia Autin Alessandro Decarlis Daniel Sauter

Magma chamber

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Tectonomagmatic evolution of the final stages of rifting along the deep conjugate Australian-Antarctic magma-poor rifted margins: Constraints from seismic observations

Tectonics (2015)

Morgane Gillard Julia Autin Giänreto Manatschal Daniel Sauter Marc Munschy

The processes related to hyperextension, exhumed mantle domains, lithospheric breakup, and formation of first unequivocal oceanic crust at magma-poor rifted margins are yet poorly understood. In this paper, we try to bring new constraints and new ideas about these latest deformation stages by studying the most distal Australian-Antarctic rifted margins. We propose a new interpretation, linking the sedimentary architectures to the nature and type of basement units, including hyperextended crust, exhumed mantle, embryonic, and steady state oceanic crusts. One major implication of our study is that terms like prerift, synrift, and postrift cannot be used in such polyphase settings, which also invalidates the concept of breakup unconformity. Integration and correlation of all available data, particular seismic and potential field data, allows us to propose a new model to explain the evolution of magma-poor distal rifted margins involving multiple and complex detachment systems. We propose that lithospheric breakup occurs after a phase of proto-oceanic crust formation, associated with a substantial magma supply. First steady state oceanic crust may therefore not have been emplaced before ~53.3 Ma corresponding to magnetic anomaly C24. Observations of magma amount and its distribution along the margins highlight a close magma-fault relationship during the development of these margins.

Detachment fault

10.1002/2015tc003850

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Citations (104)

Volcanism and tectonics unveiled in the Comoros Archipelago between Africa and Madagascar

Comptes Rendus Géoscience (2022)

Isabelle Thinon Anne Lemoine Sylvie Leroy Fabien Paquet Carole Berthod

Geophysical and geological data from the North Mozambique Channel acquired during the 2020–2021 SISMAORE oceanographic cruise reveal a corridor of recent volcanic and tectonic features 200 km wide and 600 km long within and north of Comoros Archipelago. Here we identify and describe two major submarine tectono-volcanic fields: the N’Droundé province oriented N160°E north of Grande-Comore Island, and the Mwezi province oriented N130°E north of Anjouan and Mayotte Islands. The presence of popping basaltic rocks sampled in the Mwezi province suggests post-Pleistocene volcanic activity. The geometry and distribution of recent structures observed on the seafloor are consistent with a current regional dextral transtensional context. Their orientations change progressively from west to east (∼N160°E, ∼N130°E, ∼EW). The volcanism in the western part appears to be influenced by the pre-existing structural fabric of the Mesozoic crust. The 200 km-wide and 600 km-long tectono-volcanic corridor underlines the incipient Somalia–Lwandle dextral lithospheric plate boundary between the East-African Rift System and Madagascar. Supplementary Materials: Supplementary material for this article is supplied as a separate file: crgeos-159-suppl.pdf Des données géophysiques et géologiques ont été acquises lors de la campagne océanographique SISMAORE (2020–2021). Deux grands champs tectono-volcaniques sous-marins ont été découverts tout le long et principalement au nord de l’archipel des Comores : la province N’Droundé orientée N160°E au nord de Grande-Comore, et la province Mwezi orientée N130°E au nord d’Anjouan-Mayotte où des roches basaltiques de type popping-rocks suggèrent une activité volcanique possiblement actuelle à pléistocène. La géométrie et la distribution des structures récentes sont cohérentes avec un contexte régional actuel transtensif dextre. Leurs orientations évoluent d’Ouest en Est (∼N160°E, ∼N130°E, ∼EW), suggérant pour la partie occidentale, une mise en place du volcanisme influencée par la structuration crustale préexistante. Le corridor tectono-volcanique de 200 km de large et de 600 km de long dessine une limite de plaque lithosphérique Somalie-Lwandle immature en décrochante dextre entre le système du rift est-africain et Madagascar. Compléments : Des compléments sont fournis pour cet article dans le fichier séparé : crgeos-159-suppl.pdf

Archipelago

Basement

10.5802/crgeos.159

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Volcanic/tectonic characteristics of first and second order segments and ridge discontinuities under the hot-spot influence TOBI imagery from the Central Indian Ridge (CIR) adjacent to the Rodriguez system

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2001)

Lindsay M. Parson Bramley J. Murton Daniel Sauter D. Curewitz Kyoko Okino

Classification of discontinuities

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Large offset normal faults, ridge obliquity, and the distribution of volcanism at a melt-poor ultra-slow spreading ridge

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2006)

Mathilde Cannat Daniel Sauter Véronique Mendel J. Escartı́n

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Spreading Geometry and Melt Supply at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indian Ridge

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2004)

Mathilde Cannat Daniel Sauter Véronique Mendel Étienne Ruellan Kyoko Okino

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Relationship of the Central Indian Ridge segmentation with the evolution of the Rodrigues triple junction for the past 8 Myr.

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2000)

Véronique Mendel Daniel Sauter Philippe Patriat Marc Munschy

Triple junction

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Three‐dimensional seismic structure of the Dragon Flag oceanic core complex at the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (49°39′E)

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (2013)

Minghui Zhao Xuelin Qiu Jiabiao Li Daniel Sauter Aiguo Ruan

The Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) is an ultraslow spreading end‐member of mid‐ocean ridge system. We use air gun shooting data recorded by ocean bottom seismometers (OBS) and multibeam bathymetry to obtain a detailed three‐dimensional (3‐D) P wave tomographic model centered at 49°39′E near the active hydrothermal “Dragon Flag” vent. Results are presented in the form of a 3‐D seismic traveltime inversion over the center and both ends of a ridge segment. We show that the crustal thickness, defined as the depth to the 7 km/s isovelocity contour, decreases systematically from the center (∼7.0–8.0 km) toward the segment ends (∼3.0–4.0 km). This variation is dominantly controlled by thickness changes in the lower crustal layer. We interpret this variation as due to focusing of the magmatic activity at the segment center. The across‐axis velocity model documents a strong asymmetrical structure involving oceanic detachment faulting. A locally corrugated oceanic core complex (Dragon Flag OCC) on the southern ridge flank is characterized by high shallow crustal velocities and a strong vertical velocity gradient. We infer that this OCC may be predominantly made of gabbros. We suggest that detachment faulting is a prominent process of slow spreading oceanic crust accretion even in magmatically robust ridge sections. Hydrothermal activity at the Dragon Flag vents is located next to the detachment fault termination. We infer that the detachment fault system provides a pathway for hydrothermal convection.

Seafloor Spreading

Detachment fault

Seismometer

10.1002/ggge.20264

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Tectonics at the axis of the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: Insights from TOBI side‐scan sonar imagery

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (2006)

Olga Gomez A. Briais Daniel Sauter Véronique Mendel

We present the analysis of the deformation in the axial valley of two contrasted regions of the very slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge based on side‐scan sonar images. Our objective is to investigate how the obliquity is accommodated along the system. We show that the robust magmatic segments have axial valleys and major faults subperpendicular to spreading. The other sections show fault populations with various degrees of obliquity, often arranged in left‐stepping echelons, accommodating part of the strike‐slip deformation. Side‐scan sonar reveals the presence of a corrugated surface near 59°E interpreted to be an incipient detachment fault. We show that the large width of the SWIR oblique sections, and the difference in tectonic style between the robust volcanic segments and the magma‐starved sections, is accounted for by large variations in the thickness of the brittle lithosphere. We suggest that the emplacement of mantle rocks in the surveyed amagmatic ridge sections can occur by alternating conjugate faults. Serpentinization of outcropping peridotites might also play a significant role in the development of faults in thin crust regions and the distribution of deformation in space and time.

Ridge push

Outcrop

Detachment fault

10.1029/2005gc000955

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Intraplate Deformation of Oceanic Crust in the West Somali Basin: Insights From Long‐offset Reflection Seismic Data

Tectonics (2018)

Daniel Sauter Jean Claude Ringenbach Mathilde Cannat Thomas Maurin Giänreto Manatschal

Abstract Interpretation of new high‐resolution seismic reflection sections reveals intraplate deformation of oceanic crust in the West Somali Basin, between the East Africa margin and the Davie Ridge and its northern extension. The deformation of the oceanic crust takes the form of 1–2 km amplitude buckle folds with a 20–30 km wavelength associated with thrust faults. Reverse faulting is localized along deformation corridors, about 15–30 km wide that we interpret as inherited oceanic fracture zones of the extinct oceanic spreading center. Deformation of the oceanic crust in the westernmost segment started before Hauterivian time (~132 Ma), while oceanic accretion was ongoing to the east of the Davie Ridge, and stopped at Aptian time (~120 Ma), when spreading ceased in the whole Somali Basin. Prior to the deformation of the oceanic crust, large volcanic edifices have been emplaced on top of the oceanic crust along preexisting oceanic fracture zones. Well‐defined groups of reflectors, within the mantle (<~20 km below top basement), are interpreted as large shear zones that tapped a connection to deep lithospheric melt channels leading to magmatic intrusions within the crust and emplacement of postseafloor‐spreading volcanic edifices within deformation corridors.

Oceanic basin

Convergent boundary

10.1002/2017tc004700

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Citations (30)