Andre Cahyadi Kalia

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

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Thomas Lege

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Lars Ceranna

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Christoph Pilger

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Patrick Hupe

Hannover Re (Germany)

Andreas Steinberg

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Peter Gaebler

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Felix Schneider

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Michaela Frei

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Henriette Sudhaus

Kiel University

Sudhaus Henriette

Kiel University

Cooperative Institutions

Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)

Kiel University

Technical University of Munich

GeoInformation (United Kingdom)

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum

Hannover Re (Germany)

CEA DAM Île-de-France

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Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

Christoph Pilger Peter Gaebler Patrick Hupe Andre Cahyadi Kalia Felix Schneider

<p>We report on a multi-technique analysis using publicly available data for investigating the huge, accidental explosion that struck the city of Beirut, Lebanon, on August 4, 2020. Its devastating shock wave led to thousands of injured with more than two hundred fatalities and caused immense damage to buildings and infrastructure. Our combined analysis of seismological, hydroacoustic, infrasonic and radar remote sensing data allows us to characterize the source as well as to estimate the explosive yield. The latter ranges between 0.8 and 1.1 kt TNT (kilotons of trinitrotoluene) equivalent and is plausible given the reported 2.75 kt of ammonium nitrate as explosive source. Data from the International Monitoring System of the CTBTO are used for infrasound array detections. Seismometer data from GEOFON and IRIS complement the source characterization based on seismic and acoustic signal recordings, which propagated in solid earth, water and air. Copernicus Sentinel data serve for radar remote sensing and damage estimation. As there are strict limitations for an on-site analysis of this catastrophic explosion, our presented approach based on openly accessible data from global station networks and satellite missions is of high scientific and social relevance that furthermore is transferable to other explosions.</p>

Seismometer

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-89

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Citations (5)

A Copernicus downstream-service for the nationwide monitoring of surface displacements in Germany

Remote Sensing of Environment (2017)

Andre Cahyadi Kalia Michaela Frei Thomas Lege

Baseline (sea)

10.1016/j.rse.2017.05.015

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Citations (72)

Landslide activity detection based on Sentinel-1 PSI datasets of the Ground Motion Service Germany—the Trittenheim case study

Landslides (2022)

Andre Cahyadi Kalia

Abstract Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar has been proven to be able to monitor slow deforming landslides with mm-precision. Continental- and nationwide-scale Sentinel-1 PSI (persistent scatterer interferometry) datasets with millions of deformation time series are publicly available, e.g., via the European Ground Motion Service or the Ground Motion Service Germany. This creates the possibility for an increased routine use of PSI for landslide applications. However, the use of PSI datasets is often done by visual inspection. The huge amount of measurements makes visual inspection, subjective, time-consuming, and error prone due to outliers. This study demonstrates how spatial and temporal patterns of the PSI velocity and time series can be detected in a semi-automatic way to improve objective information extraction. Therefore, two landslides, namely, Trittenheim and Piesport landslides, in Germany are analyzed using Sentinel-1 PSI datasets from the Ground Motion Service Germany. The post-processing technique semi-automatically detects spatial clusters of deforming PS with a maximum LoS velocity of 18 and 7 mm/a in Trittenheim and Piesport landslides, respectively. Furthermore, a correlation and time-lag between the surface deformation and a potential triggering factor is found. Results show that an increase in climatic water balance accelerates landslide deformation at the investigated locations. Results are verified by a second independent Sentinel-1 PSI dataset from the Ground Motion Service Germany.

10.1007/s10346-022-01958-9

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Citations (6)

Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

Scientific Reports (2021)

Christoph Pilger Peter Gaebler Patrick Hupe Andre Cahyadi Kalia Felix Schneider

Abstract We report on a multi-technique analysis using publicly available data for investigating the huge, accidental explosion that struck the city of Beirut, Lebanon, on August 4, 2020. Its devastating shock wave led to thousands of injured with more than two hundred fatalities and caused immense damage to buildings and infrastructure. Our combined analysis of seismological, hydroacoustic, infrasonic and radar remote sensing data allows us to characterize the source as well as to estimate the explosive yield. The latter is determined within 0.13 to 2 kt TNT (kilotons of trinitrotoluene). This range is plausible given the reported 2.75 kt of ammonium nitrate as explosive source. As there are strict limitations for an on-site analysis of this catastrophic explosion, our presented approach based on data from open accessible global station networks and satellite missions is of high scientific and social relevance that furthermore is transferable to other explosions.

Trinitrotoluene

10.1038/s41598-021-93690-y

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Citations (62)

TerraSAR-X based image analysis for supporting disaster und crisis-management with respect to the 2010 volcanic eruption at Mt. Merapi

Andre Cahyadi Kalia Hendrik Zwenzner André Twele Sandro Martinis

Vulcanian eruption

Crisis Management

Effusive eruption

Lahar

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Classification of Landslide Activity on a Regional Scale Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometry at the Moselle Valley (Germany)

Remote Sensing (2018)

Andre Cahyadi Kalia

Landslides are a major natural hazard which can cause significant damage, economic loss, and loss of life. Between the years of 2004 and 2016, 55,997 fatalities caused by landslides were reported worldwide. Up-to-date, reliable, and comprehensive landslide inventories are mandatory for optimized disaster risk reduction (DRR). Various stakeholders recognize the potential of Earth observation techniques for an optimized DRR, and one example of this is the Sendai Framework for DRR, 2015–2030. Some of the major benefits of spaceborne interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) techniques, compared to terrestrial techniques, are the large spatial coverage, high temporal resolution, and cost effectiveness. Nevertheless, SAR data availability is a precondition for its operational use. From this perspective, Copernicus Sentinel-1 is a game changer, ensuring SAR data availability for almost the entire world, at least until 2030. This paper focuses on a Sentinel-1-based Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) post-processing workflow to classify landslide activity on a regional scale, to update existing landslide inventories a priori. Before classification, a Line-of-Sight (LOS) velocity conversion to slope velocity and a cluster analysis was performed. Afterwards, the classification was achieved by applying a fixed velocity threshold. The results are verified through the Global Positioning System (GPS) survey and a landslide hazard indication map.

Natural hazard

10.3390/rs10121880

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Citations (36)

Yield estimation of the 2020 Beirut explosion using open access waveform and remote sensing data

EarthArXiv (California Digital Library) (2020)

Christoph Pilger Patrick Hupe Peter Gaebler Andre Cahyadi Kalia Felix Schneider

We report on a multi-technique analysis using publicly available data for investigating the huge, accidental explosion that struck the city of Beirut, Lebanon, on August 4, 2020. Its devastating shock wave led to thousands of injured with more than two hundred fatalities and caused immense damage to buildings and infrastructure. Our combined analysis of seismological, hydroacoustic, infrasonic and radar remote sensing data allows us to characterize the source as well as to estimate the explosive yield. The latter ranges between 0.8 and 1.1 kt TNT (kilotons of trinitrotoluene) equivalent and is plausible given the reported 2.75 kt of ammonium nitrate as explosive source. As there are strict limitations for an on-site analysis of this catastrophic explosion, our presented approach based on data from open accessible global station networks and satellite missions is of high scientific and social relevance that furthermore is transferable to other explosions.

Trinitrotoluene

10.31223/x5w027

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Citations (5)

A Copernicus downstream service for surface displacement monitoring in Germany

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2016)

Andre Cahyadi Kalia Michaela Frei Thomas Lege

Copernicus

Source

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Citations (1)

Application of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) Indicates a Significant Sediment Sink for the Ems Estuary

Coastal structures (2019)

Thomas Lege Andre Cahyadi Kalia Nico Adam

The Ems Estuary enters the North Sea between the Netherlands and Germany. The Estuary has vast tidal flats consisting of fine-grained sediment. It is highly modified e.g. for land reclamation, coastal protection and navigability. Thus, the tidal behavior changed and natural sediment sinks vanished. The latter is identified as the most important reason for the substantial increase in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) from the 1990s onwards. Extensive research is being done to better understand the hydraulic and morphodynamic systems in order to keep the area in a stable state while balancing different concerns and interests, including future sea-level rise. Therefore, sediment budget calculations and morphodynamic modellings are carried out, taking into account all known sediment sinks and sources, such as dredging, land reclamation and fairway deepening. An additional sediment sink, which is hardly considered today, can be caused by the offshore subsidence due to hydrocarbon extraction. So the onshore subsidence above the huge Groningen natural gas field west of the Ems estuary is well known. In this study, we estimate the offshore extension of the subsiding area to the seafloor of the Ems Estuary. To do so, we apply Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) to generate around the Ems estuary a Wide Area Product (WAP) of interferometric ground motion information. We combined information about the extension of Dutch and German natural gas fields, the WAP-PSI-derived subsidence onshore east and west of the estuary and verified with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Stations including those mounted on tide gauges offshore in the estuary. Interpretation with further thematic data led to the identification and volume estimation of a new significant sediment sink in the Outer Ems. Starting in 1992, the offshore subsidence of the seafloor is estimated. Between 1992 and 2001 a maximum subsidence of 42 mm is detected. An area of approximately 200 km^2 is affected by a subsidence rate > 2 mm/a. The subsidence volume in the 9-year period from 1992 to 2001 adds up to approximately 5.5 Mil. m^3. The resulting average annual volume change of ca. 0.6 Mil. m^3/a is in the same order of magnitude as the estimated annual sediment sink of the total Ems Estuary between 1994 and 2015. With the data of the PSI-based BBD, up-to-date sedimentation volumes can be evaluated. We suggest to take this sediment sink and in general, the subsidence of the seafloor and tidal flats due to natural gas and oil extraction into account in future sediment budget calculations and morphodynamic modelling approaches. The politically decided end of natural gas extraction from the Groningen gas field will also put an end to a huge sediment sink in the Ems estuary probably increasing SSC further.

Dredging

Sink (geography)

Siltation

Storm Surge

Sedimentary budget

10.18451/978-3-939230-64-9_079

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