Gaël Arnaud

Université des Antilles

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Co-Authors

Yann Krien

Laboratoire d’Études en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales

Narcisse Zahibo

Université des Antilles

Stéphane Abadie

Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour

Raphaël Cécé

Géosciences Montpellier

Bernard Dudon

Université des Antilles

Didier Bernard

Université des Antilles

Philippe Palany

Météo-France

Xavier Bertin

Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés

Mathieu Mory

Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique

Ali Belmadani

Météo-France

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Université de Bordeaux

Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux

Université Joseph Fourier

Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés

Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières

La Rochelle Université

Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels

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Assessing the impacts of shoreline hardening on beach response to hurricanes: Saint-Barthélemy, Lesser Antilles

Ocean & Coastal Management (2019)

Valentin Pillet Virginie Duvat Yann Krien Raphaël Cécé Gaël Arnaud

Coastal hazards

Natural hazard

10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.03.021

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Citations (19)

A 30-m scale modeling of extreme gusts during Hurricane Irma (2017) landfall on very small mountainous islands in the Lesser Antilles

Raphaël Cécé Didier Bernard Yann Krien Frédéric Leone Thomas Candela

Abstract. In view of the high vulnerability of the Lesser Antilles small islands to cyclonic hazards, realistic very fine scale numerical simulation of hurricane-induced winds is essential to prevent and manage risks. The present innovative modeling aims at combining the most realistic simulated strongest gusts driven by tornado-scale vortices within the eyewall and the most realistic complex terrain effects. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with the Nonlinear Backscatter and Anisotropy (NBA) Large Eddy Simulation (LES) configuration was used to reconstruct the devastating landfall of category 5 Hurricane Irma (2017) on Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin islands. The results pointed out that the 30-m scale seems necessary to simulate intense 400-m scale vortices leading to extreme peak gusts like 132 m s−1 over sea. Risk areas associated with terrain gust speed-up factors greater than one have been identified for the two islands. The comparison between the simulated gusts and the remote sensing building damages highlighted the major role of structure strength linked with the socio-economic development of the territory. The present modeling method could be easily extended to other small mountainous islands to improve the understanding of observed past damages and to develop safer urban management and appropriate building standards.

Landfall

Natural hazard

Atlantic hurricane

10.5194/nhess-2020-241

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Citations (2)

Contribution of Infragravity Waves to Run-up and Overwash in the Pertuis Breton Embayment (France)

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (2019)

Christopher H. Lashley Xavier Bertin Dano Roelvink Gaël Arnaud

Wave run-up and dune overwash are typically assessed using empirical models developed for a specific range of often-simplistic conditions. Field experiments are essential in extending these formulae; yet obtaining comprehensive field data under extreme conditions is often challenging. Here, we use XBeach Surfbeat (XB-SB)—a shortwave-averaged but wave-group resolving numerical model—to complement a field campaign, with two main objectives: i) to assess the contribution of infragravity (IG) waves to washover development in a partially-sheltered area, with a highly complex bathymetry; and ii) to evaluate the unconventional nested-modeling approach that was applied. The analysis shows that gravity waves rapidly decrease across the embayment while IG waves are enhanced. Despite its exclusion of gravity-band swash, XB-SB is able to accurately reproduce both the large-scale hydrodynamics—wave heights and mean water levels across the 30 × 10 km embayment; and the local morphodynamics—steep post-storm dune profile and washover deposit. These findings show that the contribution of IG waves to dune overwash along the bay is significant and highlight the need for any method or model to consider IG waves when applied to similar environments. As many phase-averaged numerical models that are typically used for large-scale coastal applications exclude IG waves, XB-SB may prove to be a suitable alternative.

Overwash

Beach morphodynamics

Swash

Infragravity wave

10.3390/jmse7070205

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Citations (37)

The contribution of short-wave breaking to storm surges: The case Klaus in the Southern Bay of Biscay

Ocean Modelling (2020)

Laura Lavaud Xavier Bertin Kévin Martins Gaël Arnaud Marie‐Noëlle Bouin

Storm Surge

Hindcast

Wave setup

Overwash

Wave model

Significant wave height

10.1016/j.ocemod.2020.101710

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Citations (33)

Climatic Changes and Consequences on the French West Indies (C3AF), Hurricane and Tsunami Hazards Assessment

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2017)

Gaël Arnaud Yann Krien Narcisse Zahibo Bernard Dudon

Natural hazard

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Measurements of bed level oscillation cycles in the surf zone of a sandy beach

Gaël Arnaud Mathieu Mory Stéphane Abadie Denis Morichon

High frequency bed level measurements have been realized during several tide cycles, on the beach face of a meso-macro tidal sand beach on the Aquitanian coast (France). A network of seven instruments, using a resistive method to monitor bed level changes, recorded up to 57 tidal cycles. Data are analysed and interpreted with respect to wave and tide conditions recorded with pressure sensors deployed in the same area. Bed level evolution is analysed and compared with disturbance depth. The comparison demonstrates the ability of the system to characterize real-time response of bed level to wave forcing in the surf and swash zones under energetic waves and shows different patterns of bed level response depending on tide phase and location on the beach face.

Swash

Surf zone

Forcing (mathematics)

Wave height

Seabed

Oscillation (cell signaling)

10.1109/oceans-spain.2011.6003636

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Citations (1)

Improving Parametric Cyclonic Wind Fields Using Recent Satellite Remote Sensing Data

Yann Krien Gaël Arnaud Raphaël Cécé Jamal Khan A Madani

Parametric cyclonic wind fields are widely used worldwide for insurance risk underwriting, coastal planning, or storm surge forecasts. They support high-stakes financial, development, and emergency decisions. Yet, there is still no consensus on the best parametric approach, or relevant guidance to choose among the great variety of published models. The aim of this paper is first and foremost to demonstrate that recent progresses on estimating extreme surface wind speeds from satellite remote sensing now makes it possible to select the best option with greater objectivity. In particular, we show that the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission of NASA is able to capture a substantial part of the tropical cyclones structure, and allows identifying systematic biases in a number of parametric models. Our results also suggest that none of the traditional empirical approaches can be considered as the best option in all cases. Rather, the choice of a parametric model depends on several criteria such as cyclone intensity and/or availability of wind radii information. The benefit of using satellite remote sensing data to better select a parametric model for a specific case study is tested here by simulating hurricane Maria (2017). The significant wave heights computed by a wave-current hydrodynamic coupled model are found to be in good accordance with the predictions given by the remote sensing data in terms of bias. The results and approach presented in this study should shed new light on how to handle parametric cyclonic wind models, and help the scientific community to conduct better wind, waves and surge analysis for tropical cyclones.

Storm Surge

10.20944/preprints201803.0095.v2

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Citations (6)

THE CONTRIBUTION OF SHORT WAVE BREAKING IN THE STORM SURGE ASSOCIATED WITH KLAUS (JANUARY 24, 2009) IN THE SOUTHERN BAY OF BISCAY

Coastal Sediments (2019)

Laura Lavaud Xavier Bertin Kévin Martins Gaël Arnaud

Storm Surge

10.1142/9789811204487_0123

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Citations (0)

Assessing storm surge hazard and impact of sea level rise in Lesser Antilles-Case study of Martinique

Yann Krien Bernard Dudon Jean Roger Gaël Arnaud Narcisse Zahibo

Abstract. In the Lesser Antilles, coastal inundations from hurricane-induced storm surges cause great threats to lives, properties, and ecosystems. Assessing current and future storm surge hazard with sufficient spatial resolution is of primary interest to help coastal planners and decision makers develop mitigation and adaptation measures. Here, we use wave-current numerical models and statistical methods to investigate worst case scenarios and 100-year surge levels for the case study of Martinique, under present climate or considering a potential sea-level rise. Results confirm that the wave setup plays a major role in Lesser Antilles, where the narrow island shelf impedes the piling-up of large amounts of wind-driven water on the shoreline during extreme events. The radiation stress gradients thus contribute significantly to the total surge, up to 100 % in some cases. The non-linear interactions of sea level rise with bathymetry and topography are generally found to be relatively small in Martinique, but can reach several tens of centimeters in low-lying areas where the inundation extent is strongly enhanced compared to present conditions. These findings further emphasize the importance of waves for developing operational storm surge warning systems in the Lesser Antilles, and encourage caution when using static methods to assess the impact of sea level rise on storm surge hazard.

Storm Surge

Martinique

Coastal hazards

10.5194/nhess-2017-148

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Citations (3)

Improving Parametric Cyclonic Wind Fields Using CYGNSS (Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System) Data

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2018)

Yann Krien Gaël Arnaud Raphaël Cécé MNH Khan Ali Belmadani

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Citations (0)