I. F. Lepsch

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

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José Alexandre Melo Demattê

Forest Science and Research Institute

S. W. Buol

North Carolina State University

Bruna Cristina Gallo

Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials

R. B. Daniels

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

Rodnei Rizzo

Universidade de São Paulo

Renato A. Ferreira de Lima

Universidade de São Paulo

Anne Alexandre

Centre de Recherche et d’Enseignement de Géosciences de l’Environnement

Cacilda N. Carvalho

Universidade Federal Fluminense

Wanderson de Sousa Mendes

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

J. B. Oliveira

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

Cooperative Institutions

Universidade de São Paulo

Forest Science and Research Institute

Universidade Brasil

Secretaria de Agricultura e Abastecimento

Methodist University of Piracicaba

Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)

Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo

Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Relacoes solo-paisagem em uma area na microbacia do ribeirao marins (piracicaba-sp)

Edson Roberto Teramoto I. F. Lepsch Pablo Vidal‐Torrado

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Multi-Temporal Satellite Images on Topsoil Attribute Quantification and the Relationship with Soil Classes and Geology

Remote Sensing (2018)

Bruna Cristina Gallo José Alexandre Melo Demattê Rodnei Rizzo José Lucas Safanelli Wanderson de Sousa Mendes

The mapping of soil attributes provides support to agricultural planning and land use monitoring, which consequently aids the improvement of soil quality and food production. Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) images are often used to estimate a given soil attribute (i.e., clay), but have the potential to model many other attributes, providing input for soil mapping applications. In this paper, we aim to evaluate a Bare Soil Composite Image (BSCI) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, calculated from a multi-temporal dataset, and study its relationship with topsoil properties, such as soil class and geology. The method presented detects bare soil in satellite images in a time series of 16 years, based on Landsat 5 TM observations. The compilation derived a BSCI for the agricultural sites (242,000 hectare area) characterized by very complex geology. Soil properties were analyzed to calibrate prediction models using 740 soil samples (0–20 cm) collected of the area. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) based on the BSCI spectral dataset was performed to quantify soil attributes. The method identified that a single image represents 7 to 20% of bare soil while the compilation of the multi-temporal dataset increases to 53%. Clay content had the best soil attribute prediction estimates (R2 = 0.75, root mean square error (RMSE) = 89.84 g kg−1, and accuracy = 74%). Soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity and sandy soils also achieved moderate predictions. The BSCI demonstrates a strong relationship with legacy geological maps detecting variations in soils. From a single composite image, it was possible to use spectroscopy to evaluate several environmental parameters. This technique could greatly improve soil mapping and consequently aid several applications, such as land use planning, environmental monitoring, and prevention of land degradation, updating legacy surveys and digital soil mapping.

Topsoil

Digital Soil Mapping

Thematic Mapper

10.3390/rs10101571

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Citations (106)

Soil‐landscape Relationships in the Occidental Plateau of São Paulo State, Brazil: II. Soil Morphology, Genesis, and Classification

Soil Science Society of America Journal (1977)

I. F. Lepsch S. W. Buol R. B. Daniels

Abstract Nine profiles representing the major soils in the Occidental Plateau of São Paulo State, Brazil, were characterized after detailed geomorphic and soil mapping were completed on a 70.8 km 2 area. The stable upland geomorphic surface had Oxisols, surrounded by younger erosional surfaces with Ultisols, Alfisols, and Inceptisols. Mollisols formed where the erosional surfaces exposed calcareous sandstone. The argillic horizons of the Ultisols and Alfisols in these positions apparently have formed in material that would qualify as an oxic horizon before it was exposed. Laterally moving water at these sloping sites is believed to initiate free Fe removal and lessivage. Lateral water movement at the contact between the surficial deposits of oxic composition and the underlying calcareous sandstones appears to supply the bases for the Alfisols developed in the oxic material. Kaolinite dominates the clay mineralogy of the soils formed in unconsolidated deposits, but attapulgite and smectite are present in the calcareous sandstone. In the soils shallow to calcareous sandstone the attapulgite apparently has weathered to smectite within a few centimeters of the rock.

Ultisol

Mollisol

Inceptisol

Soil morphology

Saprolite

Gleysol

Entisol

10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100010031x

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Citations (39)

Digital soil mapping at local scale using a multi-depth Vis–NIR spectral library and terrain attributes

Geoderma (2016)

Rodnei Rizzo José Alexandre Melo Demattê I. F. Lepsch Bruna Cristina Gallo Caio Troula Fongaro

Digital Soil Mapping

Topsoil

Hue

Soil test

10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.03.019

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Citations (56)

Soil‐landscape Relationships in the Occidental Plateau of São Paulo State, Brazil: I. Geomorphic Surfaces and Soil Mapping Units

Soil Science Society of America Journal (1977)

I. F. Lepsch S. W. Buol R. B. Daniels

Abstract This study was conducted in a 70.8 km 2 area that includes most of the soils and landscapes present in the Occidental Plateau region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Surficial deposits of unknown derivation and age and Cretaceous age carbonate cemented sandstone are the soil parent materials. Both geomorphic surfaces and soils were mapped. Surface and subsurface soil chemical and physical characteristics of 103 sites were summarized to evaluate the soil variation of geomorphic surfaces and soil mapping units. Soil properties that are expressions of weathering indices are related to geomorphic surface, but clay illuviation, base saturation, and carbon content do not regularly increase or decrease from the oldest to the youngest surface. More than one soil mapping unit can be found on one geomorphic surface. Most soil physical and chemical properties have smaller coefficients of variation when grouped by soil mapping unit than when grouped by geomorphic surface.

Soil morphology

Soil horizon

10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100010030x

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Citations (43)

Carbon storage and other properties of soils under agriculture and natural vegetation in São Paulo State, Brazil

Soil Use and Management (1994)

I. F. Lepsch J.R.F. Menk J. B. Oliveira

Abstract. Topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (60–100 cm) properties are compared at agricultural and nearby natural vegetation sites in São Paulo State. Differences are related to land use and climate, in order to estimate soil carbon storage under various ecosystems and also to study the effects of high‐input agriculture on the chemical composition of soils with low activity clays. Within each land use, organic carbon in the topsoil is most strongly related to clay + silt content. This relationship is stronger for cropped, short savannah (cerrado) and tall savannah (cerradão) sites than for semi‐deciduous and evergreen forest sites. Losses of topsoil carbon with cropping can be predicted if the initial carbon and the clay+silt contents are known. The greatest carbon losses after long term cultivation occurred in forest mineral topsoils, ranging from 6% for perudic clayey soils to 37% for ustic sandy soils. No significant difference in carbon content was found between the paired savannah‐cultivated sites. In most of the originally less fertile soils cation exchange capacity was greater in the cultivated topsoil (Ap) than in the topsoil under savannah or forest (A1), probably because of liming and phosphate fertilization. Most subsoils at agricultural sites show increases in exchangeable bases (mainly Ca) and base saturation, but no significant change in pH.

Topsoil

Subsoil

Silt

Soil carbon

Cation-exchange capacity

10.1111/j.1475-2743.1994.tb00455.x

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Citations (69)

Investigations in an Oxisol‐Ultisol Toposequence in S.Paulo State, Brazil

Soil Science Society of America Journal (1974)

I. F. Lepsch S. W. Buol

Abstract Four soil profiles were sampled along a 550‐m toposequence traverse in São Paulo State, Brazil and were characterized with physical, chemical, mineralogical, and micromorphological analyses. The soils were classified and hypotheses were developed concerning their genesis based on soil differences observed. The soil on the upper part of the traverse has an ochric epipedon over an oxic horizon and is classified as clayey, oxidic, isothermic Typic Haplorthox. Slightly downslope organic matter content increases to form a Typic Umbriorthox of the same family. The soil below these two has an argillic horizon over an oxic horizon and is classified as clayey, oxidic, isothermic Orthoxic Palehumult. The soil in the lowest part has an argillic horizon over decomposed shale and is classified as clayey, Kaolinitic, isothermic Typic Paleudult. The main characteristics distinguishing the soils in the lower part of the toposequence from those in the upper part were the increase in depth and eventual loss of the oxic horizon, decrease in gibbsite content, decrease in chlorite/vermiculite intergradient clay minerals, increase in 2:1 clay minerals, decrease in fine clay to coarse clay ratio, increase in fine silt to clay ratios, increase in illuviated clay, and increase in bulk density. The genesis of these soils appears to be controlled mostly by the age of the geomorphic surfaces and by the nature of the parent material.

Oxisol

Ultisol

Udic moisture regime

Silt

Gibbsite

Soil horizon

10.2136/sssaj1974.03615995003800030031x

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Citations (36)

Geomorphometric segmentation of complex slope elements for detailed digital soil mapping in southeast Brazil

Geoderma Regional (2018)

Karina Patrícia Prazeres Marques José Alexandre Melo Demattê Bradley A. Miller I. F. Lepsch