Abstract The pressure–temperature–deformation–time ( P–T–d–t ) record of metagranitic rocks and adjacent diverse rocks of the metavolcano-sedimentary group from the Orlica–Śnieżnik Dome (OSD) in SW Poland is examined. The study aims to better understand the course of the break-up of northern Gondwana and the overprinting Variscan tectonometamorphism in the NE Bohemian Massif. We test the existing hypotheses that explain the Cambro-Ordovician thermal event recorded in the meta-supracrustal group by (i) syn-deformational regional metamorphism or (ii) the contact metamorphism of the (meta)sedimentary rocks around the intruding ~490–500 Ma granitic magmas. In addition, we check the extent and timing of the Variscan prograde and retrograde medium-pressure metamorphism in the OSD. The results imply that Early Palaeozoic monazites, rarely preserved in both rock groups, document ~490–500 Ma volcanic and plutonic events related to the Gondwana's break-up and following disturbance of the Th–U–Pb system during younger, Variscan events. The monazite geochronology reveals no distinct Cambro-Ordovician thermal aureole around the post-granitic orthogneisses. However, no large-scale Variscan juxtaposition is evident between the two main OSD rock groups or within the meta-supracrustal rocks. Consistent P–T–d–t results for the meta-supracrustal rocks and the orthogneisses suggest that their precursors contacted before the Variscan tectonometamorphism. The directly contiguous ortho- and paragneisses together experienced tectonometamorphic processes at maximum depths that correspond to 7.5–8.0 kbar and maximum temperatures of ~600–620°C, as a result of the Variscan collision of Gondwana and Euramerica. The continental collision-related events intensified at ~360 Ma and ~330–340 Ma.
Eleven monazite grains, two from a migmatitic gneiss and nine from two felsic granulites from the Góry Sowie Block (SW Poland) were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), Raman microspectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) U-Th-Pb analysis in order to assess processes affecting U-Th-Pb age record. Two monazite grains from the migmatitic gneiss are patchy zoned in BSE imaging and overgrown by allanite, whereas Raman results indicate moderate radiation damage. Monazite in the corresponding TEM foils shows twins and nanoinclusions of fluorapatite, thorianite, goethite, titanite, chlorite and CaSO4. Furthermore, monazite is partially replaced by secondary monazite, forming ca. 100 nm-thick layers, and calcite along grain boundaries. The submicron alterations had little or no effect on the Pb/U and Pb/Th dates, when compared to earlier age constraints on the metamorphism in the studied region. In contrast, monazite from both granulites is homogeneous in eight investigated TEM foils, contains no solid or fluid nanoinclusions or any signs of fluid-induced alterations, with only one exception of a ca. 140 nm-thick crack filled with monazite. The 206Pb/238U and marginally older 208Pb/232Th mean dates pulled for all data show good coherence. However, the 207Pb/235U isotopic record is disturbed due the presence of common Pb within the entire monazite grain in one granulite and in the cores of two monazite grains in the second granulite, where the UPb data of the rims are not compromised and concordant. Due to lack of TEM evidence for fluid-mediated alterations, the age discordance has to be related to addition of common Pb in the monazite lattice or in the micro-cracks. To summarize, the 208Pb/232Th data reveal the most accurate ages, which are consistent with previous geochronological studies in the region. Therefore, the Pb/Th chronometer, which is less compromised by age disturbance compared to Pb/U ages, is recommended for monazite geochronology. Application of the submicron scale investigations using TEM is recommended to evaluate potential presence of the submicron inclusions of Pb-bearing phases or compositional alterations of monazite that can remain unnoticed by using standard microanalytical instruments.
The Kamieniec Ząbkowicki Metamorphic Belt (KZMB) is a narrow zone of mainly mica schists, subordinate acid metavolcanics and scarce eclogites, sandwiched between Brunovistulia and the northern tip of the Teplá-Barrandia microplates. Locally occurring high-pressure relics indicate subduction of the metasedimentary succession of the KZMB, the origin and provenance of which remain unclear. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) investigations of detrital zircons show that the metapelites represent an Ediacaran-Cambrian sedimentary basin, with a maximum depositional age of 561±9 Ma. This basin was filled with detritus from a source or sources, composed of rocks containing zircons that are mainly Cryogenian-Ediacaran and Palaeoproterozoic in age. No younger component was found in the zircon population studied. The isotopic U-Pb LA-ICP-MS and chemical U-Th-total Pb electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) monazite geochronology data indicate an important regional tectono-metamorphic event at ca. 330 Ma. Though these data do not permit determination of the peak pressure from the peak temperature stages, the event was part of a complex collision of the Saxothuringian plate with Brunovistulia.
Abstract The pre-Caledonian NYF Skoddefjellet pegmatite in Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Svalbard, contains xenotime-(Y) that is partly replaced by fluorapatite-hingganite-(Y) reaction coronas. Hingganite-(Y) contains up to 2.0 wt.% of Gd 2 O 3 , 4.7 wt.% of Dy 2 O 3 , 3.3 wt.% of Er 2 O 3 and 5.5 wt.% of Yb 2 O 3 . Such unusual, previously undescribed, xenotime-(Y) breakdown was caused by Ca- and F-bearing fluids interacting with the pegmatite. The occurrence of hinnganite-(Y) as a breakdown product of xenotime-(Y) implies that a Be-bearing phase (beryl in this case) was also involved in the reaction. There are few Ca-bearing primary phases in the pegmatite, indicating that the source of fluid was probably located in the generally Ca-richer host rocks (metasediments), though the fluid composition was modified during metasomatism of the pegmatite (i.e. beryl dissolution).
We present the U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope analysis of detrital zircons from the Ediacaran/Cambrian sediments of Podillya and south Volyn in western Ukraine, supplemented by the bulk rock XRD mineralogy of the host rocks. Such a combined analytical approach allows for identifying the source areas supplying detritus to sediments and for constraining an age of deposition. Our provenance analysis is based on fourteen samples collected from six exposures, mostly in the valley of the Dniester river. 84 mudstone samples were also examined by the XRD method. U-Pb dating of detrital zircons yielded two sets of maximum depositional ages: 578–546 Ma and 547–523 Ma, for the Mohyliv-Podilsky and Kanyliv Series, respectively. This suggests that the Ediacaran-Cambrian boundary in Podillya coincides with a major erosional gap, with a major change in provenance, and the disappearance of the Ediacaran fauna at the base of the Kanyliv Series, with implications for the stratigraphy and paleogeography of the entire East European Platform. Zircon U-Pb age spectra from the lower part of the Mohyliv-Podilsky Series include a large quantity of 2.2 to 1.9 Ga grains that reveal predominantly negative to nearly chondritic ɛHf values, jointly suggesting detritus supply from the crystalline basement of Sarmatia. Both U-Pb and mineralogical data also indicate a major contribution of volcanic detritus from the Volyn flood basalts. The younger Nagoryany rocks yielded zircon age spectra with peaks at c. 1.80 and 1.49 Ga, implying a shift of the catchment area to Fennoscandia. Above an erosional gap, the zircon age spectra in the Kanyliv and Baltic Series are dominated by peaks at 560–535 Ma. These data and ɛHf values ranging from negative to chondritic and juvenile suggest, in line with the mineralogical data, detritus supply from a continental magmatic arc and collisional orogen. Thus, we interpret the Kanyliv Series as infill of an early Cambrian foreland basin that was established in front of the Scythides and Santacrucides orogens, overriding the SW margin of Baltica.
Abstract Monazite from the Stolpen monzogranite (SE Germany) was studied to constrain the Th-U-total Pb age of pluton formation. Monazite grains demonstrate subtle to distinct patchy zoning related to slight compositional variations. Textural and compositional characteristics indicate that the monazite formed in a single magmatic event in a slightly heterogeneous system, and was only weakly affected by secondary alteration, which did not disturb the Th-U-Pb system. Chemical dating of the monazite gave a consistent age of 299 ± 1.7 Ma. The current study presents the first geochronological data for the Stolpen granite. It provides evidence that Stolpen is the youngest Variscan granitic intrusion in the Lusatian Granodiorite Complex and indicates that magmatic activity related to post-collisional extension in this region lasted at least 5my longer than previously assumed
<p>Stability relations of the REE-bearing accessory phases and alteration processes in the cancrinite-bearing nepheline syenite from the &#268;ist&#225; pluton (the center of the upper-crustal Tepla&#8211;Barrandian unit, Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic) were studied. Observations of rock microtextures, quantitative analyses of minerals and compositional X-ray mapping were performed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The primary REE-bearing accessory minerals assemblage includes monazite-(Ce) associated with gadolinite-group minerals (i.e. gadolinite-(Ce) and gadolinite-(Y)), which were partially replaced by britholite-(Ce), bastn&#228;site-(Ce), aggregates of fine-grained REE-bearing phases (possibly fluorapatite and/or britholite-(Ce)) and, rarely, cerianite. K-feldspar and albite form intergrowths or symplectites with REE-phases in the investigated reaction microtextures. Furthermore, the zircon crystals demonstrate oscillatory zoning and/or extensive patchy zoning due to alteration processes. The alteration of accessory minerals are interpreted as driven by K- and Na-bearing alkali fluids with high CO<sub>2</sub> activity during late- to post-magmatic processes.</p><p>Acknowledgements: This work was supported by the National Science Centre research grant no. 2017/27/B/ST10/00813.</p>
