The presence of bird feeding traces associated with undertracks of a small mammalian, probably similar to the European mink (Mustela lutreola), indicates the existence, unknown so far, of terrestrial fauna in the middle Pontian (Portaferrian) deposits from the Dacian Basin. The pecking and probing marks were probably produced by Charadriiformes and Anseriformes representatives, whose ichnospecies are known in the upper Oligocene and lower Miocene from Romania. Although there are no traces of invertebrates, usually associated with the footprints of birds and mammals, we assume that the described feeding traces and undertracks belong to the Scoyenia ichnofacies that is a shoreline environment with humid clay substratum and intermittent subaerian exposure.
This paper presents a detailed lithostratigraphic investigation carried out in the Bucegi Massif, a mountainous zone from the southern part of the Eastern Carpathians. The study focused on the 50 - 70 m thick succession of four conglomerate units associated with olistoliths, intercalated in the upper part of the Babele Sandstone Member (the uppermost lithostratigraphic unit of the Albian Bucegi Conglomerate Formation). The conglomerate beds succession stands for the uppermost strata of the thick Bucegi conglomeratic accumulation. All the four conglomerate bodies are stratiform and continuous for almost two kilometers, and show mainly constant lithofacies features on wide areas. The study emphasizes two large-scale trends of high implication on depositional interpretation. The reduced areal extension of the basal conglomerate unit, compared with the larger extension area of the overlying units 2, 3 and 4, is one of the features with genetic significance. Another remarkable characteristic is the lateral passage from the single thick conglomerate units 2, 3 and 4, to conglomerate units alternating with sandstones beds. Another remarkable characteristic is the northwards amalgamation of the conglomerate units 1, 2, 3 and 4 into a single body, named in this paper the Conglomerates with Olistoliths.
The study of marginal seas has been a long-term interdisciplinary study area, and the Black Sea, being the largest anoxic basin in the world, is intriguing both chemically and geologically. Lying in a wide geosyncline near the junctions of the Eurasian, African, and Arabian plates, the Black Sea is covered in depth in this volume of 44 individual papers divided into the sections of: Structure, Water, Sediments, Biology, and Geochemistry.
Abstract: The Lower Cretaceous sediments of the Ceahla̧au Nappe (from the bend region of the Romanian Carpathians) were investigated from lithological and micropaleontological (calcareous nannoplankton) points of view. Our investigations revealed that the studied deposits were sedimented within the latest Tithonian‐Albian interval. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages of the turbidite calcareous successions (the Sinaia Formation) were assigned to the NJK‐?NC5 calcareous nannofossil zones, which cover the Late Tithonian‐Early Barremian interval. The sandy‐shaly turbidites, which followed the calcareous turbidites of the Sinaia Formation, are Early Barremian‐Early Albian in age (interval covered by the ?NC5‐NC8 calcareous nannofossil zones). Because the studied deposited are mainly turbidites, many reworked nannofossils from older deposits are present in the calcareous nannofloras. Thus, some biozones ( i.e. , NC5), defined based on the last occurrences of nannofossils, could not be identified. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages are composed of Tethyan taxa (which dominate the nannofloras) and cosmopolitan taxa. During two intervals (the Late Valanginian and across the Barremian/Aptian boundary), Tethyan and cosmopolitan nannofossils, together with Boreal ones, were observed. This type of mixed calcareous nannoplankton assemblage is indicative for sea‐level high‐stand, which allows the nannofloral exchange between the Tethyan and Boreal reaa̧ms, within the two‐above mentioned intervals.
The presence of exotic blocks (or olistoliths) in sedimentary deposits is usually regarded as an indication of a deepwater slope environment. We evaluate olistoliths accumulated in shallow water at the upper edge of a slope setting using outcrop data. The study area is in the Bucegi Mountains in the southeast “bend” of the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. The studied deposits belong to the Bucegi Formation, a dominantly conglomerate succession of Albian age. The Lower Bucegi member has been accumulated as a large conglomerate submarine fan. The Upper Member forms a shelf-to-trench sedimentary system with deposits dominated by sandstones and conglomerates. The olistoliths are embedded in debris flow conglomerates, most of them from the Bucegi Upper Member, and a lower number from the Bucegi Lower Member. The olistoliths are all located in a small ([Formula: see text]) zone, close to the Dambovicioara source area. The olistoliths have been transported into the basin for up to 10 km on relative gentle gradients. The blocks’ deposition is restricted to the shallow-water environment on a narrow low-gradient shelf and in some instances on the upper continental slope. Within the Albian source-to-sink system, the olistoliths occurrence marks the entry zone of the land-derived detrital material into the basin and points to the main sediment transport fairways into deeper parts of the basin.
The Nature Reserve „Badila Limestone Blocks“, located on the Buzau River in the Buzau Land Geopark (Romania), is known for the occurrence of exotic limestone blocks (Tithonian) included in the Badenian Salt Breccia Horizon. An investigation of the Reserve area using an unmanned aerial vehicle was carried out. The drone-based study of the Badila Geological Reserve generated a high resolution digital image of the exotic blocks distribution. A small number of large blocks (12 blocks with diameters ranging from 4 to 20 m) occur together with a large number of smaller blocks (414 blocks with diameters from 0.1 to 4 m). The Badila exotic limestone blocks were resedimented by fluvial currents, suffered a size-sorting and their frequency diminished downstreamward.
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