Christina A. Neal

Alaska Volcano Observatory

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Robert G. McGimsey

United States Geological Survey

J. F. Larsen

University of Alaska Fairbanks

J. R. Schaefer

Alaska Volcano Observatory

Michael P. Doukas

Cascades Volcano Observatory

R. Wessels

United States Geological Survey

C. J. Nye

Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys

Kristi L. Wallace

Alaska Volcano Observatory

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О.А. Гирина

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

Michelle L. Coombs

Alaska Volcano Observatory

Cynthia A. Gardner

United States Geological Survey

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United States Geological Survey

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Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

Alaska Volcano Observatory

Cascades Volcano Observatory

University of Alaska Fairbanks

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Volcano Science Center

University of Hawaii System

University of Hawaii at Hilo

Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center

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Late Pleistocene and Holocene caldera-forming eruptions of Okmok Caldera, Aleutian Islands, Alaska

Geophysical monograph (2007)

J. F. Larsen Christina A. Neal J. R. Schaefer Jim Begét Chris Nye

Okmok volcano, in the central Aleutian arc, Alaska, produced two caldera-forming eruptions within the last ∼12,000 years. This study describes the stratigraphy, composition, and petrology of those two eruptions. Both eruptions initially produced small volumes of felsic magmas, followed by voluminous andesite and basaltic andesite. The Okmok I eruption produced >30 km 3 DRE of material on Umnak Island, and Okmok II ∼15 km 3 . However, a significant proportion of material not accounted for here was deposited into the oceans during both events. The Okmok I pyroclastic flow deposits contain evidence for interaction with snow/ice, particularly along the northern flanks of the caldera. Although both Okmok I and II eruptions involved a phreatomagmatic component, the accumulation of a large volume (>15km 3 ) of volatile-rich, mafic-intermediate magma in the shallow crust may provide the driving force for the catastrophic eruptions. Agglutinate deposits associated with Okmok II indicate energetic lava fountaining simultaneous with caldera-collapse, similar to other descriptions of mafic-intermediate caldera-forming deposits such as in the New Hebrides.

Caldera

10.1029/172gm24

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Comparative geothermometry of recent Hawaiian eruptions

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (1995)

Rosalind T. Helz Norman G. Banks Christina Heliker Christina A. Neal Edward W. Wolfe

In this paper we compare lava temperatures measured using Cr‐Al thermocouples or infrared spectrometry with estimated quenching temperatures based on the glass geothermometry calibration of Helz and Thornber (1987). Comparative data are available for the April 1982 and September 1982 summit eruptions, the Pu'u O'o east rift eruption (1983–1986), all three eruptions at Kilauea, and the 1984 Mauna Loa eruption. The results show that quenching temperatures, based on the MgO contents of Kilauean glasses ( T MgO ), lie within ±10°C of field measurements using the infrared spectrometer for 85% of the samples. Where a Cr‐Al thermocouple was used, 90% of the field measurements lie within +1° to −11°C of T MgO for samples with T field > 1130°C. Samples where T field < 1130°C show larger divergence. The uncertainty in T MgO by itself is ±10°C, so the level of agreement between field measurements and T MgO is very good for Kilauean lavas. Systematic comparison of field measurements of temperature with glass geothermometry for the 1984 Mauna Loa eruption suggests that, although the field and glass temperatures lie within ±10°C of each other, the Kilauean T MgO calibration is nevertheless not appropriate for Mauna Loa glasses and that actual quenching temperatures for Mauna Loa samples will lie 10°–20°C higher than would be predicted from the Kilauea calibration curve. Consideration of possible effects of variable volatile content suggest that in most cases these are small. Samples erupted early in an eruption may reflect preeruptive water contents different enough to affect T MgO significantly, but later spatter samples and all flow samples appear to have equilibrated at low enough water contents for the calibration to be applicable. We conclude that the MgO‐based geothermometer can be applied to glassy Kilauean samples to give temperatures that generally will lie within ±10°C of a field measurement. Plots of glass MgO content versus time, if a suitable sample base is available, should give a thorough, quantitative record of the thermal history of any Kilauean eruption.

10.1029/95jb01309

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Factors influencing the height of Hawaiian lava fountains: implications for the use of fountain height as an indicator of magma gas content

Bulletin of Volcanology (1995)

E. A. Parfitt L. Wilson Christina A. Neal

Fountain

Effusive eruption

Lateral eruption

Entrainment (biomusicology)

10.1007/s004450050104

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Variations in eruption style during the 1931A.D. eruption of Aniakchak volcano, Alaska

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2011)

Robert S. Nicholson James E. Gardner Christina A. Neal

Phreatic eruption

Effusive eruption

Dense-rock equivalent

Lateral eruption

Vulcanian eruption

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.08.002

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Citations (21)

Volcanic activity in Alaska; summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory, 1992

Antarctica A Keystone in a Changing World (1995)

Robert G. McGimsey Christina A. Neal Michael P. Doukas

10.3133/ofr9583

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Public Outreach and Communications of the Alaska Volcano Observatory during the 2005-2006 Eruption of Augustine Volcano

Professional Paper (2010)

Jennifer N. Adleman Cheryl E. Cameron Seth Snedigar Christina A. Neal Kristi L. Wallace

Outreach

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Status of Monitoring Active Volcanoes of the Kurile Islands: Present and Future

Ken Dean Christina A. Neal Vyacheslav B. Guryanov Nikolay S. Terentyev Pavel Izbekov

Air routes from Asia to North America that are significant to the International community are located to the east of and immediately above the Kurile Islands. Thirty-six volcanoes are active within the Kurile Island chain. These volcanoes are thought to be explosive, active, and capable of spewing volcanic ash to altitudes utilized by commercial airlines. The lack of communication links and remoteness of the islands interferes with the development of ground-based monitoring of the active volcanoes within the Kurile Islands. It is prudent, therefore, to utilize coordinated multi agency efforts and satellite imagery when responding to volcanic events, in order to reduce the risk to aviation and increase the chances of aviation safety when a volcanic eruption occurs.

Lahar

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Emission rates of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska during the 1989–1990 eruptions

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (1994)

Thomas J. Casadevall Michael P. Doukas Christina A. Neal Robert G. McGimsey Cynthia A. Gardner

Fumarole

Dome (geology)

10.1016/0377-0273(94)90050-7

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Citations (66)