Manuel Calvo‐Rathert

Universidad de Burgos

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Avto Goguitchaichvili

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Juan Morales

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

ÃC

Ãngel Carrancho

Universidad de Burgos

María Felicidad Bógalo

Universidad de Burgos

G. T. Vashakidze

Tbilisi State University

A. Gogichaishvili

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Néstor Vegas

University of the Basque Country

Bertha Aguilar Reyes

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

VА

V. А. Lebedev

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits Petrography Mineralogy and Geochemistry

Ana Caccavari

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Cooperative Institutions

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Universidad de Burgos

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Instituto de Geofísica y Astronomía

Universidad de Morelia

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Universidad de Zaragoza

Universidad Nacional de La Plata

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Gilbert-Gauss geomagnetic reversal recorded in Pliocene volcanic sequences from Georgia (Lesser Caucasus): revisited

Earth Planets and Space (2009)

Avto Goguitchaichvili Miguel Cervantes Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Pierre Camps Jemal Sologashvili

Abstract We carried out a detailed paleomagnetic, rock-magnetic, and Thellier paleointensity study of an ~3.6 My Pliocene lava flow succession in southern Georgia. An earlier study (Camps et al. , 1996) revealed that several consecutive lava flows record an intermediate polarity direction at the base of the section followed by a thick reverse polarity zone. The transitional field was interpreted as an excursion within chron 2Ar or an upper Cochiti-Gilbert reversal. New paleomagnetic data reported here have been obtained from nearby lava successions. In total, about 170 standard paleomagnetic cores belonging to 22 lava flows were collected during the 2005 sample collection campaign. Rock-magnetic experiments showed that the remanence is carried by Ti-poor titanomagnetite in most of the samples. The fraction of grains with multidomain magnetic structure does not seem to be important. Characteristic remanent magnetization was successfully determined on all samples. The direct correlation with the original (Thoki) sequence, previous preliminary measurements of natural remanent magnetization (Sologashvili, 1986), and field observations allowed us to establish a new magnetic stratigraphy. The lower part of section is characterized by intermediate magnetic polarity followed by thick reversely magnetized lavas. The upper sequence, represented by 18 consecutive flows yielded normal magnetic polarity. The mean paleointensity of the intermediate field is drastically reduced with respect to the post-transitional field strength. Based on all available radiometric ages and new paleomagnetic data, it may be speculated that Gilbert-Gauss (R-N) reversal was recorded at the upper part of sequence. Lower intermediate polarity flows possibly represent a form of precursor of this reversal that is similar to the Matuyama-Brunhes geomagnetic transition.

Natural remanent magnetization

Magnetostratigraphy

Polarity (international relations)

Geomagnetic reversal

Geomagnetic pole

Rock magnetism

10.1186/bf03352886

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Citations (15)

Paleomagnetism of the Pleistocene Tequila Volcanic Field (Western Mexico)

Earth Planets and Space (2006)

María Rodríguez Ceja Avto Goguitchaichvili Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Juan Morales L. M. Alva‐Valdivia

Abstract This paper presents new paleomagnetic results from 24 independent cooling units in Tequila area (western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt). These units were recently dated by means of state-of-the-art 40 Ar- 39 Ar method (Lewis-Kenedy et al. , 2005) and span from 1130 to 150 ka. The characteristic paleodirections are successfully isolated for 20 cooling units. The mean paleodirection, discarding intermediate polarity sites, is I = 29.6°, D = 359.2°, k = 26, α 95 = 7.1°, n = 17, which corresponds to the mean paleomagnetic pole position P lat = 85.8°, P long = 84.3°, K = 27.5, A 95 = 6.9°. These directions are practically undistinguishable from the expected Plestocene paleodirections, as derived from reference poles for the North American polar wander curve and in agreement with previously reported directions from western Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. This suggests that no major tectonic deformation occurred in studied area since early-middle Plestocene to present. The paleosecular variation is estimated trough the study of the scatter of virtual geomagnetic poles giving S F = 15.4 with S U = 19.9 and S L = 12.5 (upper and lower limits respectively). These values are consistent with those predicted by the latitude-dependent variation model of McFadden et al. (1991) for the last 5 Myr. The interesting feature of the paleomagnetic record obtained here is the occurrence of an intermediate polarity at 671 ± 13 ka which may correspond the worldwide observed Delta excursion at about 680–690 ka. This gives the volcanic evidence of this event. Two independent lava flows dated as 362 ±13 and 354 ±5 ka respectively, yield transitional paleodirections as well, probably corresponding to the Levantine excursion.

Volcanic belt

Excursion

Geomagnetic pole

Apparent polar wander

10.1186/bf03352631

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Citations (13)

Paleomagnetic secular variation study of Ar–Ar dated lavas flows from Tacambaro area (Central Mexico): Possible evidence of Intra-Jaramillo geomagnetic excursion in volcanic rocks

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors (2014)

Rafael Maciel Peña Avto Goguitchaichvili Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud Vicente Carlos Ruíz Martínez Manuel Calvo‐Rathert

Geomagnetic pole

Secular Variation

Geomagnetic secular variation

Radiometric dating

10.1016/j.pepi.2014.01.005

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Citations (9)

Are ceramics and bricks reliable absolute geomagnetic intensity carriers?

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors (2011)

Juan Morales Avto Goguitchaichvili Bertha Aguilar-Reyes Modesto Pineda-Duran Pierre Camps

Archaeomagnetic dating

Thermoremanent magnetization

Thermomagnetic convection

Intensity

Rock magnetism

Brick

10.1016/j.pepi.2011.06.007

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Citations (47)

A paleointensity study on middle Miocene to Pliocene volcanic rocks from south-eastern Spain

Earth Planets and Space (2009)

Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Avto Goguitchaichvili Néstor Vegas

Abstract Thirteen middle-Miocene to Pliocene volcanic sites, belonging to four different types of volcanism (calc-alkaline volcanism, potassic calc-alkaline and shoshonitic volcanism, lamproitic volcanism and basaltic alkaline volcanism), have been sampled in south-eastern Spain for paleointensity determinations. Rock-magnetic studies yield low-Ti titanomagnetite as the main carrier of remanence, showing also the presence of titanohematites in several cases. Analysis of hysteresis parameters indicates a PSD domain structure. Paleointensity determinations were performed with the Coe (1967) method. Of the 90 paleointensity determinations carried out, 29 provide successful determinations which fulfil selection criteria; most of these were in samples of lamproitic volcanism. Only four lamproitic sites out of the 13 studied ones yield reliable results. All have a similar age of approximately 7 M.y. Virtual dipole moments (VDM) of three of these display values between approximately 4·10 22 A m 2 and 8·10 22 A m 2 , thus providing new paleointensity data for a time interval (between 4 and 8 M.a.), with a lack of Thellier-type paleointensity determinations. The fourth site shows a much lower paleointensity of 1.6·10 22 A m 2 , and may correspond to a polarity transition, in accordance with its paleo-directional results.

10.1186/bf03352885

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Citations (9)

A paleomagnetic and rock-magnetic study of a neogene lava flow sequence in La Gomera (Canary Islands, Spain)

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica (2010)

Anna Caccavari Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Avto Goguitchaichvili Vicente Soler Bertha Aguilar Reyes

Geomagnetic pole

Longitude

Single domain

10.1007/s11200-010-0033-7

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Citations (2)

Investigating the reasons for the failure of palaeointensity experiments: a study on historical lava flows from Mt. Etna (Italy)

Geophysical Journal International (2002)

Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Michel Prévôt Mireille Perrin Janna Riisager

A refined palaeointensity experiment, accompanied by rock-magnetic studies, has been carried out on six lava flows from 1910 and 1928 from Mt. Etna. The purpose of the study was to try to understand why these very young basaltic flows are generally unable to provide a correct estimate of the magnitude of the ambient magnetic field during flow cooling. Susceptibility versus temperature curves and ore microscopic studies show that 3 types of magnetic minerals (phases 'h', 'm' and 'l') are present in these flows, some samples containing a single largely dominant magnetic phase while others contain a mixture of several phases. Phase 'h' is a thermally stable, near magnetite phase resulting from titanomagnetite oxyexsolution. Phase 'l' is a thermally stable titanomagnetite with a Curie temperature of approximately 200°C. Phase 'm' is a titanomagnetite phase of Curie temperature between 450–490°C which is unstable at temperatures above 400°C. In addition to the usual reliability checks of the Thellier method (NRM-TRM linearity, pTRM checks), our palaeointensity experiments included additional heating allowing determination of the MD or PSD-SD character of each pTRM and determination of CRM or transdomain remanences possibly acquired during heating. From the 28 samples studied 20 provide a linear NRM-TRM plot over about 1/4 or more of total NRM. However, only six of them, all containing near-magnetite as a single phase, display positive pTRM checks. Nevertheless, these six samples yield a mean palaeointensity of about 52 μT, which exceeds the real field palaeomagnitude (42 μT) by some 25 per cent. The reasons for this almost-total failure of palaeointensity experiments are diverse. For samples with a dominant 'l' phase, pTRMs present a behaviour typical of large MD grains, with as much as 1/3 of remanence with unblocking temperatures exceeding the blocking range. No CRM is acquired. Yet a remanence does develop during heating in a field (followed by cooling in zero field). We suggest that this remanence is a transdomain remanence resulting from domain rearrangements. These two observations are in conflict with some of the basic requirements of the Thellier method. Phase 'm' seems chemically stable up to 400°C but pTRM changes start at lower temperatures. This thermal instability and the development of a significant transdomain remanence seem to be the causes of the failure of palaeointensity experiments. The reason for the rather large (and quite unexpected) error in the average palaeointensity provided by the samples containing only a near magnetite (phase 'h') may lie in the fact that the low to medium temperature pTRMs, which represent a significant fraction of the total TRM, seem to be carried by small MD particles. In conclusion, several modifications of the Thellier method are proposed.

Magnetic mineralogy

Thermoremanent magnetization

Archaeomagnetic dating

10.1046/j.1365-246x.2002.01619.x

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Citations (103)

Are burnt sediments reliable recorders of geomagnetic field strength?

Quaternary Research (2011)

Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Ãngel Carrancho Florian Stark Juan José Villalaín Mimi J. Hill

This study tests if burnt soils and sediments can provide reliable records of geomagnetic field strength at the time of burning by carrying out an experiment to reproduce the prehistoric use of fire on a clayish soil substratum. Rock magnetic experiments showed that in the upper 0–1 cm of the central part of the burnt surface, remanence is a thermoremanent magnetization carried by single-domain magnetite and that samples are thermally stable. Fourteen specimens from that area were subjected to paleointensity experiments with the Coe method (1967). An intensity of 42.9±5.7 μT was estimated below 440°C, whereas at higher temperatures magneto-mineralogical alterations were observed. Corresponding successful microwave intensity determinations from two specimens gave a mean value of 47.6 μT. Both results are in reasonable agreement with the expected field value of 45.2 μT. Burnt soils of archeological fires thus have the potential to record accurately the paleofield strength and may be useful targets for archeointensity investigations. Coincident results obtained from two different paleointensity determination methods support this conclusion.

Thermoremanent magnetization

Rock magnetism

Intensity

10.1016/j.yqres.2011.11.001

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Citations (11)

Palaeomagnetism and 40Ar/39Ar age of a Pliocene lava flow sequence in the Lesser Caucasus: record of a clockwise rotation and analysis of palaeosecular variation

Geophysical Journal International (2014)

Ana Caccavari Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Avto Goguitchaichvili He Huaiyu G. T. Vashakidze

A palaeomagnetic and rock-magnetic investigation has been carried out on a Pliocene lava flow sequence in the Djavakheti Highland in the central Lesser Caucasus in the Republic of Georgia. In addition, a 40Ar/39Ar dating and electronic microscopic studies were performed on samples of this sequence, named the Saro section, which consists of 39 successive lava flows of doleritic basalts. A characteristic magnetization could be isolated in all studied 39 flows, yielding reverse-polarity directions in all cases, a mean direction D = 202.2°, I = –60.6° (N = 39, α95 = 2.0°, k = 138) being obtained. Thermomagnetic experiments (strong-field versus temperature curves) suggested low-Ti titanomagnetites and low Curie-temperature titanomagnetites with a rather high titanium content (x ≈ 0.5–0.7) as the main carriers of remanence. Their domain structure is characterized by a mixture of single- and multidomain grains. 40Ar/39Ar dating yielded an age of 1.73 ± 0.03 Ma, interpreted as the eruption age of the uppermost lava flow of the sequence. Analysis of palaeomagnetic results and radiometric data from the present and a previous study allows two different explanations about the time of emplacement of the section: (i) The lower 36 flows of the sequence might have been emitted between the normal-polarity Reunion and Olduvai chrons, and the upper three flows after the Olduvai chron, with a long hiatus in volcanic activity of more than 150 kyr or (ii) The whole sequence has been emitted between 1.778 and 1.73 ± 0.03 Ma, after the Olduvai chron. Comparison of the palaeomagnetic results obtained in this study with the expected direction shows that while inclination values agree well, declination shows an eastward deviation of 19.2° ± 5.8°. This discrepancy can be explained with a clockwise vertical-axis rotation of the sequence, which might have been produced by extensional structures with strike-slip component, which can be found in the study area. Virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) scatter recorded in the sequence is somewhat lower than expected. To analyse this behaviour, VGP scatter of the sequence was first calculated with respect to the palaeomagnetic pole obtained from the Fisher mean of all VGPs. Then it was calculated with respect to the appropriate Eurasian palaeomagnetic pole from VGPs obtained after applying a 19.2° counter-clockwise rotation of the sequence (i.e. undoing the observed vertical axis rotation). The observed scatter with both independent methods appeared to be very similar, allowing the deduction that secular variation is reasonably well averaged out from the mean of the Saro sequence and therefore it has experienced the observed clockwise rotation. As no differential vertical-axis rotation can be detected between the upper and lower parts of the section, the whole sequence must have experienced the 19.2° ± 5.8° clockwise rotation between 1.73 ± 0.03 Ma and present.

Sequence (biology)

Magnetic mineralogy

Rock magnetism

Clockwise

Radiometric dating

Magnetostratigraphy

10.1093/gji/ggu097

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Citations (9)

New high precision full-vector archaeomagnetic data from a roman kiln in Mérida (Spain)

Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors (2020)

Natalia García Redondo Manuel Calvo‐Rathert Ãngel Carrancho Macarena Bustamante-Álvarez