Carmen Gaina

University of Oslo

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Trond H. Torsvik

University of Oslo

R. Dietmar Müller

University of Sydney

Alexander N. Minakov

University of Oslo

АК

А. К. Khudoley

St Petersburg University

A. J. Schaeffer

Geological Survey of Canada

Bernhard Steinberger

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Sergei Lebedev

University of Cambridge

Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen

Utrecht University

Jan Inge Faleide

University of Oslo

Eivind O. Straume

The University of Texas at Austin

Cooperative Institutions

John Wiley & Sons (United States)

University of Oslo

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Norwegian Geological Survey

Utrecht University

Hanover College

University of Sydney

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

United States Geological Survey

UiT The Arctic University of Norway

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African cratonic lithosphere carved by mantle plumes

Nature Communications (2020)

Nicolas Celli Sergei Lebedev A. J. Schaeffer Carmen Gaina

Abstract How cratons, the ancient cores of continents, evolved since their formation over 2.5 Ga ago is debated. Seismic tomography can map the thick lithosphere of cratons, but its resolution is low in sparsely sampled continents. Here we show, using waveform tomography with a large, newly available dataset, that cratonic lithosphere beneath Africa is more complex and fragmented than seen previously. Most known diamondiferous kimberlites, indicative of thick lithosphere at the time of eruption, are where the lithosphere is thin today, implying surprisingly widespread lithospheric erosion over the last 200 Ma. Large igneous provinces, attributed to deep-mantle plumes, were emplaced near all lithosphere-loss locations, concurrently with or preceding the loss. This suggests that the cratonic roots foundered once modified by mantle plumes. Our results imply that the total volume of cratonic lithosphere has decreased since its Archean formation, with the fate of each craton depending on its movements relative to plumes.

Mantle plume

Hotspot (geology)

10.1038/s41467-019-13871-2

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Citations (140)

Seismic and thermal lithospheric structure of the North American-Greenland Arctic realm

EGUGA (2018)

A. J. Schaeffer Sergei Lebedev Pascal Audet Javier Fullea Carmen Gaina

Realm

Overprinting

Source

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Testing Early Cretaceous Africa–South America fits with new palaeomagnetic data from the Etendeka Magmatic Province (Namibia)

Tectonophysics (2017)

Trishya M. Owen-Smith Morgan Ganerød Douwe J.J. van Hinsbergen Carmen Gaina Lewis D. Ashwal

Large igneous province

Continental drift

10.1016/j.tecto.2017.11.010

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Citations (11)

A preliminary crustal thickness map of the Arctic Ocean

EGUGA (2014)

Nina Lebedeva‐Ivanova Alexander N. Minakov Carmen Gaina Sergey Kashubin

Source

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Ultraslow spreading, ridge relocation and compressional events in the East Arctic region: A link to the Eurekan orogeny?

arktos (2015)

Carmen Gaina А. М. Никишин E. I. Petrov

Orogeny

North American Plate

Transtension

10.1007/s41063-015-0006-8

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Citations (41)

Tectonics (2016)

J. W. Geissman Claudio Faccenna Nathan A. Niemi Jonathan C. Aitchison Christopher L. Andronicos

Key Points Transverse-to-the-orogen faults may also participate in slip partitioning resulting from oblique subduction We implement a forward 3-D model of Andean subduction to simulate interseismic and coseismic deformation We constrain kinematics, slip rate, and seismic hazard associated with differently oriented regional faults

10.1002/tect.v35.9

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Deep Mantle Component and Continental Crust Remobilization in the Source of Vesteris Seamount, East Greenland Margin

Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (2024)

Lea Beloša Sara Callegaro Christine Meyzen Carmen Gaina Stéphane Polteau

Abstract Vesteris Seamount is a large Quaternary intraplate submarine volcano in the SW Greenland Sea, about 1,000 km NE of Iceland and 300 km NW of the Mohn's spreading ridge, whose mode of formation remains unsolved. We present geochemical data for new samples dredged from the Vesteris edifice, including major, trace elements and Sr‐Nd‐Pb‐Hf isotopes. The isotopic characteristics of the alkaline lavas, covering the basanite/tephrite to benmoreite range, indicate the involvement of depleted and enriched mantle components. The source is dominated by the depleted mantle (85%–90%) and a deep enriched component possibly supplied by the Iceland Plume (IP) (10%–15%). Additional source enrichment was due to recycled crust and sub‐continental lithospheric mantle, as suggested by Hf isotopes (0.283147 ± 0.000005) measured for the first time in Vesteris lavas and by a decoupling in Pb isotopes evidenced by relatively low‐radiogenic 207 Pb/ 204 Pb (15.510) and high‐radiogenic 208 Pb/ 204 Pb (38.554) with respect to the Northern Hemisphere Reference Line. We interpret the geochemical results using existing knowledge about the regional lithospheric and upper mantle structure. Our findings suggest that a deep (ca. 420–320 km) mantle anomaly, with seismological characteristics of the Iceland mantle plume, extends from East Greenland to the north of Jan Mayen Fracture Zone. The regional lithospheric thinning toward the Greenland Basin enabled the melting events that produced the Vesteris seamount. This lateral NNE‐directed flow lobe of the Iceland plume may have carved and transferred enriched components from the continental lithospheric margin of Greenland north of Scoresby Sund toward the Vesteris source.

Mantle plume

Radiogenic nuclide

Seamount

10.1029/2023gc011196

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Citations (2)

High-resolution kinematic study of the Late Mesozoic to Late Cenozoic seafloor spreading at the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Roi Granot Carmen Gaina

The Central Atlantic oceanic crust documents the evolution of seafloor spreading along the Central Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Previous works have identified marine magnetic anomalies (i.e., isochrons) every ~7 Myr for the pre-Neogene time, thus, the existing Nubia-North America plate kinematic models suffer from rather crude temporal resolution. Here, we present preliminary results from a detailed plate kinematic investigation aiming to reconstruct the kinematics of seafloor spreading at ~1.5 Myr time intervals. Our model is constrained by ~11000 identifications of 40 magnetic reversals younger than C34y (83.6 Ma) and older than C6no (19.7 Ma). We also investigated the fracture zones using multibeam bathymetry and satellite-derived gravity data. These identifications are confined by the Fifteen-Twenty fracture zone in the south and the Azores triple junction in the north. We invert these identifications and fracture zone crossings to estimate a set of finite rotation poles and stage rotations. We confirm the validity of our plate kinematic solutions by comparing a set of synthetic flowline tracks to the location of fracture zone traces. Based on these new poles, we present a detailed kinematic analysis that sheds new light on the evolution of the Central Atlantic since the Late Mesozoic.  

Seafloor Spreading

10.5194/egusphere-egu24-14978

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Global Eocene tectonic unrest: Possible causes and effects around the North American plate

Tectonophysics (2018)

Carmen Gaina Johannes Jakob

Seafloor Spreading

Mantle plume

Fracture zone

continental collision

Convergent boundary