Vindy Tjendana Tjhin

University of Warwick

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Yasuko Fujita

Aichi Cancer Center

Peter J. Sadler

University of Warwick

Jane M. Donnelly

University of Warwick

Neil D. Telling

Keele University

Frederik Lermyte

Technical University of Darmstadt

Ian Hands-Portman

University of Warwick

Koji Wakame

Hokkaido University of Science

Jake Brooks

University of Warwick

George Perry

The University of Texas at San Antonio

James Everett

Keele University

Cooperative Institutions

University of Warwick

Coventry (United Kingdom)

Keele University

Photonics Electronics Technology Research Association

Kagawa University

Tokushima Bunri University

Staffordshire County Council

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

The University of Texas at San Antonio

Neurosciences Institute

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Biogenic metallic elements in the human brain?

Science Advances (2021)

James Everett Frederik Lermyte Jake Brooks Vindy Tjendana Tjhin Germán Plascencia‐Villa

The chemistry of copper and iron plays a critical role in normal brain function. A variety of enzymes and proteins containing positively charged Cu

Brain Function

Human brain

10.1126/sciadv.abf6707

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Citations (65)

Baseline data collections of lipopolysaccharide content in 414 herbal extracts and its role in innate immune activation

Scientific Reports (2024)

Vindy Tjendana Tjhin Masataka Oda Masashi Yamashita Tomoko Iwaki Yasuko Fujita

Abstract Some herbal extracts contain relatively high amounts of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Because orally administered LPS activates innate immunity without inducing inflammation, it plays a role as an active ingredient in herbal extracts. However, the LPS content in herbal extracts remains extensively unevaluated. This study aimed to create a database of LPS content in herbal extracts; therefore, the LPS content of 414 herbal extracts was measured and the macrophage activation potential was evaluated. The LPS content of these hot water extracts was determined using the kinetic–turbidimetric method. The LPS concentration ranged from a few ng/g to hundreds of μg/g (Standard Escherichia coli LPS equivalent). Twelve samples had a high-LPS-content of > 100 μg/g, including seven samples from roots and three samples from leaves of the herbal extracts. These samples showed high phagocytosis and NO production capacity, and further investigation using polymyxin B, an LPS inhibitor, significantly inhibited macrophage activation. This study suggests that some herbal extracts contain sufficient LPS concentration to activate innate immunity. Therefore, a new approach to evaluate the efficacy of herbal extracts based on their LPS content was proposed. A database listing the LPS content of different herbal extracts is essential for this approach.

Ingredient

10.1038/s41598-024-66081-2

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Citations (1)