Abstract Al-Anbar Governorate has the largest coverage area among the 18 Iraqi gover-norates. The coverage area is about 138 579 km2 forming about 32% of the whole coverage area of the Iraqi territory. The governorate forms the western part of Iraq representing the Iraqi Western Desert and a small part north of the Eu-phrates River within the Jazira Plain. This large coverage area with diversity of rock types with large time span (Permi-an – Pleistocene) and different topographic forms have contributed to develop-ment of different types of geological hazards, which act at different parts of the governorate with different intensities and different damages caused to the infra-structure and community, even life losses. Three main types of geological hazards are active in the governorate; these are: 1) Floods, 2) Karstification, and 3) Swell-ing (Expensive) clays; however, other types like mass movements, depressions, active tectonic areas are also present but with less significance as their risks and caused damages to the community and infrastructure is concerned.
Abstract The hydraulic characteristics and the hydrogeological conditions of the hydrogeological system at Nukhaib-Km160 were studied within the water-bearing horizons, highlighting the flow system and its effects on the groundwater velocities and its balance (hydraulic gradients and permeability) taking into account the regional situations of structural. Several hydrogeological areas have been selected for future exploitation and development. 3D models and maps of spatial distribution are utilized for interpretation, it is supported by points of hydrogeological controls such as transmissivity and storage coefficients, depth of groundwater, lateral extensions, aquifers thickness, specific capacity, and well productivity. Prediction applications on specific capacities and transmissivity of aquifer and Kimball’s statistical method were used to calculate the ratio of groundwater mixing and recharge from aquifers of Umm Er Dhuma and/or Tayarat Fn. to production wells. The hydrogeological system of the Nukhaib- Km160 region has been categorized into eight major aquifers which include the Mulussa, Mulussa-Ubaid, Muhaywir-Ubaid, Hartha, Muhaywir-Najma, Umm Er Dhuma, Tayarat, and Tayarat- Umm Er Dhuma aquifers. Changes in hydraulic parameters for all aquifers have been examined in order to determine the spatial-hydrologic facts of aquifers, where the traditional TDS distribution, in addition to the hydraulic interpretation, shows the same phenomenon of interconnection and the source of groundwater. According to facts of the hydrogeological, the aquifers of Umm Er Dhuma and Tayrat are important and preferred for the plan of the future of water supply in the Western Desert of Iraq, especially for the increased demand for water resources and the sustainability of the assessment.
The study examines the hydrogeological conditions and the hydraulic characteristics of the water bearing horizons within the hydrogeologic regime of the study area located west of Iraq to the west of longitude 40°40'. Also the study shed light on the flow behavior regime and its impacts on the groundwater movement, ground water flow velocities (permeability and hydraulic gradients) considering the regional structural phenomena. The Hydrogeological data presented as spatial distribution maps and three dimensional models. The results which were achieved from the field measurements are correlated with the main hydrogeologic control points such as storage and transmissivity coefficients, groundwater depths, aquifers thickness, lateral extensions and groundwater recharge to classify the hydrogeologic districts for development and exploitation. The hydrogeologic regime of the study area is classified and screened into various aquifers, including Ga'ra, Mullusi, Mullusi-Ubaid, Hartha, Tayarat-Digma (Jeed), Muhaywir-Ubaid and Rattga aquifers. The statistical results of the hydraulic and hydrochemical parameters were examined for explaining the spatial distribution of each parameter within the uppermost aquifers and determining the preference hydrogeologic districts for future groundwater exploitation as hereinafter order, Ubaid Mullusi aquifer within district-6, Rattga and Digma-Tayarat aquifer within district-7, Mullusi aquifer within district-2, Hartha aquifer within district-3, Digma-Tayarat aquifer within district-4, Ga'ra aquifer within district-1, Muhaywir-Ubaid aquifer within district-5 and Digma-Tayarat within district-8, respectively.