Laura Bennati

Purdue University West Lafayette

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Elias Lewi

Addis Ababa University

E. Calais

École Normale Supérieure

I. J. Hamling

GNS Science

Tim Wright

Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes and Tectonics

Anthony Finizola

Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de la Réunion

Atalay Ayele

Astronomy and Space

Derek Keir

University of Southampton

Stéphanie Barde‐Cabusson

Institut National de l'Énergie Solaire

Vladimir Conde

Chalmers University of Technology

Francisco Barahona

IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center

Cooperative Institutions

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement

Université Paris Cité

Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Institut de physique du globe de Paris

Addis Ababa University

Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans

University of Florence

University of El Salvador

Geological Survey of Iran

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Hydrogeology of Stromboli volcano, Aeolian Islands (Italy) from the interpretation of resistivity tomograms, self-potential, soil temperature and soil CO2 concentration measurements

Geophysical Journal International (2011)

A. Revil Anthony Finizola Tullio Ricci Eric Delcher Aline Peltier

To gain a better insight of the hydrogeology and the location of the main tectonic faults of Stromboli volcano in Italy, we collected electrical resistivity measurements, soil CO2 concentrations, temperature and self-potential measurements along two profiles. These two profiles started at the village of Ginostra in the southwest part of the island. The first profile (4.8 km in length) ended up at the village of Scari in the north east part of the volcano and the second one (3.5 km in length) at Forgia Vecchia beach, in the eastern part of the island. These data were used to provide insights regarding the position of shallow aquifers and the extension of the hydrothermal system. This large-scale study is complemented by two high-resolution studies, one at the Pizzo area (near the active vents) and one at Rina Grande where flank collapse areas can be observed. The Pizzo corresponds to one of the main degassing structure of the hydrothermal system. The main degassing area is localized along a higher permeability area corresponding to the head of the gliding plane of the Rina Grande sector collapse. We found that the self-potential data reveal the position of an aquifer above the villages of Scari and San Vincenzo. We provide an estimate of the depth of this aquifer from these data. The lateral extension of the hydrothermal system (resistivity ∼15–60 ohm m) is broader than anticipated extending in the direction of the villages of Scari and San Vincenzo (in agreement with temperature data recorded in shallow wells). The lateral extension of the hydrothermal system reaches the lower third of the Rina Grande sector collapse area in the eastern part of the island. The hydrothermal body in this area is blocked by an old collapse boundary. This position of the hydrothermal body is consistent with low values of the magnetization (<2.5 A m−1) from previously published work. The presence of the hydrothermal body below Rina Grande raises questions about the mechanical stability of this flank of the edifice.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography

10.1111/j.1365-246x.2011.05112.x

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Citations (77)

injections captured beneath the Red Sea rift in Afar Evidence for focused magmatic accretion at segment centers from lateral dike

Elias Lewi Laura Bennati K. Mohamed M. Belachew Elizabeth Baker

Dike

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Stress transfer between thirteen successive dyke intrusions in Ethiopia

Nature Geoscience (2010)

I. J. Hamling Tim Wright E. Calais Laura Bennati Elias Lewi

Volcanic hazards

Dike

10.1038/ngeo967

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Citations (66)

Geodesy reveals deep lateral magma flow and complex magma plumbing in Ethiopian spreading centre

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2010)

Tim Wright E. Calais Elias Lewi Laura Bennati I. J. Hamling

Magma chamber

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Post‐rifting relaxation in the Afar region, Ethiopia

Geophysical Research Letters (2009)

S. L. Nooner Laura Bennati E. Calais W. Roger Buck I. J. Hamling

Crustal accretion at divergent plate boundaries typically occurs via the periodic intrusion of dikes, but their emplacement and the associated deformation are rarely observed. The few existing observations at subaerial rifts show that these diking events are followed by a decadal‐scale period with extension rates faster than the secular divergent plate motion. This transient accelerated deformation has been explained by continued subsurface magma injection or by relaxation, in the viscoelastic mantle, of the stress changes imparted by dike opening. For the first time, GPS measurements were collected within a few months of a rifting event at a major plate boundary, the September 2005, 60 km‐long dike intrusion in the Dabbahu segment, Afar, Ethiopia. Extension rates for the first 3 years greatly exceed the plate motion (Nubia‐Arabia) secular divergence rate, even at sites located more than 60 km from the rift axis. Here we show that these observations are consistent with stress relaxation in a viscoelastic upper mantle with a viscosity of about 5 × 10 18 Pa·s overlain by a 12–14 km‐thick elastic crust. The alternative model of continued diking requires continuous opening well below the Moho and is therefore unlikely. Instead, magma injection in Afar since June 2006 has taken the form of smaller discrete diking events, tapping into a mid‐crustal melt reservoir under the segment center.

Dike

Downwelling

10.1029/2009gl040502

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Evidence for focused magmatic accretion at segment centers from lateral dike injections captured beneath the Red Sea rift in Afar

Geology (2009)

Derek Keir I. J. Hamling Atalay Ayele E. Calais C. J. Ebinger

Research Article| January 01, 2009 Evidence for focused magmatic accretion at segment centers from lateral dike injections captured beneath the Red Sea rift in Afar Derek Keir; Derek Keir 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK 2Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Ian J. Hamling; Ian J. Hamling 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Atalay Ayele; Atalay Ayele 3Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Eric Calais; Eric Calais 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Cindy Ebinger; Cindy Ebinger 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14618, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Tim J. Wright; Tim J. Wright 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Eric Jacques; Eric Jacques 6Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Kassim Mohamed; Kassim Mohamed 7Observatoire de Géophysique d'Arta, Arta, Djibouti Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar James O.S. Hammond; James O.S. Hammond 8Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Manahloh Belachew; Manahloh Belachew 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14618, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elizabeth Baker; Elizabeth Baker 2Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Julie V. Rowland; Julie V. Rowland 9School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Elias Lewi; Elias Lewi 3Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Laura Bennati Laura Bennati 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information Derek Keir 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK 2Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Ian J. Hamling 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Atalay Ayele 3Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia Eric Calais 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Cindy Ebinger 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14618, USA Tim J. Wright 1School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Eric Jacques 6Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France Kassim Mohamed 7Observatoire de Géophysique d'Arta, Arta, Djibouti James O.S. Hammond 8Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK Manahloh Belachew 5Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14618, USA Elizabeth Baker 2Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK Julie V. Rowland 9School of Geography, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Auckland, New Zealand Elias Lewi 3Institute of Geophysics, Space Science and Astronomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, PO Box 1176, Ethiopia Laura Bennati 4Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 14 May 2008 Revision Received: 18 Sep 2008 Accepted: 19 Sep 2008 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 © 2009 Geological Society of America Geology (2009) 37 (1): 59–62. https://doi.org/10.1130/G25147A.1 Article history Received: 14 May 2008 Revision Received: 18 Sep 2008 Accepted: 19 Sep 2008 First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation Derek Keir, Ian J. Hamling, Atalay Ayele, Eric Calais, Cindy Ebinger, Tim J. Wright, Eric Jacques, Kassim Mohamed, James O.S. Hammond, Manahloh Belachew, Elizabeth Baker, Julie V. Rowland, Elias Lewi, Laura Bennati; Evidence for focused magmatic accretion at segment centers from lateral dike injections captured beneath the Red Sea rift in Afar. Geology 2009;; 37 (1): 59–62. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G25147A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Continental breakup occurs through repeated episodes of mechanical stretching and dike injection within discrete, narrow rift segments. However, the time and length scales of the dike intrusions, along with the source regions of melt within continental and oceanic rifts, are poorly constrained. We present measurements of spatial and temporal variability in deformation from the currently active 60-km-long Dabbahu segment of the Red Sea rift in Afar, using satellite radar, global positioning system, and seismicity data sets, that capture emplacement of two ~10-km-long, ~1–2-m-wide dike intrusions in June and July 2006. Our observations show that the majority of strain is accommodated by dikes that propagate laterally over ~4–5 h time scales along the rift axis and are sourced from a reservoir in the middle to lower crust, or upper mantle, beneath the center of the rift segment. New intrusions during the ongoing rifting episode in Afar show that the injection of lateral dikes fed from magma reservoirs beneath rift segment centers is a key component in creating and maintaining regular along-axis rift segmentation during the final stages of continental breakup. Our observations also provide evidence that the focused magmatic accretion at segment centers observed in slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges occurs prior to the onset of seafloor spreading. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Dike

Rift zone

10.1130/g25147a.1

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Citations (155)

Erratum: Stress transfer between thirteen successive dyke intrusions in Ethiopia

Nature Geoscience (2010)

I. J. Hamling Tim Wright E. Calais Laura Bennati Elias Lewi

10.1038/ngeo993

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Citations (2)

Fluid circulation in a complex volcano-tectonic setting, inferred from self-potential and soil CO2 flux surveys: The Santa María–Cerro Quemado–Zunil volcanoes and Xela caldera (Northwestern Guatemala)

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2010)

Laura Bennati Anthony Finizola James A. Walker Dina L. López I. Camilo Higuera‐Díaz

Caldera

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.11.008

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Citations (32)

SOIL GASES AS INDICATORS OF FLUID CIRCULATION AND PERMEABLE ZONES: SANTA MARIA- CERRO QUEMADO-ZUNIL VOLCANIC COMPLEX, GUATEMALA

AGUFM (2009)

D. A. Lopez James A. Walker Laura Bennati Anthony Finizola Francisco Barahona

Volcanic Gases

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Geodetic observations of the ongoing Dabbahu rifting episode: new dyke intrusions in 2006 and 2007

Geophysical Journal International (2009)

I. J. Hamling Atalay Ayele Laura Bennati E. Calais C. J. Ebinger

A 60-km-long dyke intruded the Dabbahu segment of the Nubia—Arabia Plate boundary (Afar, Ethiopia) in 2005 September, marking the beginning of an ongoing rifting episode. We have monitored the continuing activity using Satellite Radar Interferometry (InSAR) and with data from Global Positioning System (GPS) instruments and seismometers deployed around the rift in response to the initial intrusion. These data show that a sequence of new dyke intrusions has reintruded the central and southern section of the Dabbahu segment. The first was in 2006 June and seven new dykes were emplaced by the end of 2007. Modelling of InSAR data indicates that the dykes were between 0.5 and 2 m wide, up to ∼10 km long and confined to the upper 10 km of crust. An intrusion in 2007 August was associated with a 5-km-long basaltic fissural eruption. During the new dyke injections, InSAR and GPS data show no subsidence at either of the volcanoes at the northern end of the segment, which partly fed the 2005 September dyke. Seismicity data imply that the dykes were probably fed from a source near the Ado'Ale Silicic Complex at the centre of the segment, but the lack of significant subsidence there implies that the source is very deep, or that there was minimal deflation at shallow magma sources. The new dykes are concentrated in an area where the 2005 dyke did not produce significant opening, implying that residual tensile tectonic stresses are higher in this location and are focusing the later intrusions. The sequence of dyke intrusions observed so far is similar to those seen in Iceland during the Krafla rifting episode, which lasted 9 yr from 1975 to 1984. It is likely that, with a continued magma supply, dykes will continue to be intruded until the tectonic stress is fully relieved. As observed at Krafla, eruptions are likely to become more common before the rifting episode is concluded.

East African Rift

10.1111/j.1365-246x.2009.04163.x

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Citations (98)