Carmina Virgili

Reial Acadèmia de Ciències i Arts de Barcelona

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G. Cassinis

University of Pavia

Alfonso Sopeña

Instituto de Geociencias

Alfredo Arché

Instituto de Geociencias

Nadège Toutin-Morin

Université d'Orléans

Salvador Reguant

Universitat de Barcelona

A. Garrido

S. Hernando

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Oriol Riba

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

A. García Quintana

Sŕnchez Carlos Josč Hernando

Cooperative Institutions

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Universitat de Barcelona

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Laboratoire d’HYdrologie et de GEochimie

Instituto de Geociencias

Rutgers Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights

Université de Strasbourg

Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Instituto Geológico y Minero de España

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Lyell and the Spanish Geology

Geologica Acta (2016)

Carmina Virgili

Lyell visited Spain in the summer of 1830, after the publication of the first volume of Principles of Geology, and in the winter of 1853 coming back from his third trip to America.In his first stay he visited, among others, the Olot region (Catalonia, NE Spain) and in the second the Canary Islands.In both cases his major aim was to study these volcanic zones since volcanism constituted for Lyell the clearest evidence of the Earth interior energy, which had led to mountain building in the past.Another of his aims during his 1830 visit was to study the Pyrenees.Lyell endeavoured to show that this orogen did not result from a violent and rapid "revolution", as proposed by Elie de Beaumont, but from processes that spanned long time periods.In the Pyrenees he also made some observations on the neogene lacustrine deposits of la Cerdanya basin, while in the southern Pyrenean foreland (i.e.Ebro basin) he paid attention to facies changes and correlations in the Eocene sequences.Lyell spent some days in Barcelona during this visit but at that time the country was in political turmoil and the main scientific institutions of the city had been closed down.Once in the Olot region, Lyell paid a visit to Bolós, pharmacist and botanist who had an interest in geology and introduced him in the volcanic zone.During his second trip in 1853, Lyell visited the Canaries and limited his personal contacts to Pedro Maffiote, professor of the Nautical School of Tenerife, who had made some interesting although never published geological observations in this island.In the Canary Islands Lyell sought to demonstrate the relationship between volcanism and coastal movement, and to confirm his theory of volcanic cone growth by accretion.Lyell's influence in Spain was not due to his personal contacts in the country but to his books and especially the translation into Spanish by Ezquerra del Bayo of the first edition of "Elements of Geology" in 1838.Lyell's ideas and especially his geological terminology, which was one of his most important contributions, spread in Spain thanks to this translation.Both the personality and the scientific reputation of Ezquerra del Bayo helped to promote the book that became for many years the official teaching book at the Schools of Mines in Spain and Mexico.Ezquerra del Bayo carried out the first geological map of the whole of Spain (1850) adopting in this and other publications (1850-1857) Lyell's nomenclature, although his theoretical concepts (e.g.actualism) did not exert the same influence.It should be borne in mind that Lyell regarded his Elements of Geology as a descriptive Geology, a text book for students and beginners.His more elaborated theories included in Principles of Geology resulted in little influence in Spain, since this book was not translated into Spanish.

10.1344/105.000000314

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Interrupcions sedimentàries i paleoalteracions

Acta Geologica Hispanica (1979)

Carmina Virgili

El registro de los tiempos geologicos en la sucesion estratigrafica es muy incompleto ya que los periodos de no deposicion son mas importantes que los de sedimentacion. Durante estas interrupciones, estas discontinuidades, se producen alteraciones que modifican profundamente los caracteres sinsedimentarios. Son debidas a procesos pedogeneticos pero tambien a la accion de las aguas subterraneas. El resultado de las mismas produce una continentalizacion de las series, lo que ha llevado a errores en la interpretacion de ciertas facies. El estudio de estas paleoalteraciones permite obtener conclusiones paleogeograficas y paleoclimaticas.

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Permian and Triassic events in the continental domains of Mediterranean Europe

Cambridge University Press eBooks (1992)

G. Cassinis Nadège Toutin-Morin Carmina Virgili

This contribution is a synthesis of knowledge about late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic events in the primarily terrestrial domains now represented in various parts of Mediterranean Europe. Inclusion in this volume is justified by the fact that the areas discussed show the westernmost patterns of the ancient Tethys. Moreover, because a detailed evaluation of terrestrial history is generally more difficult for late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic time than is the reconstruction of history in marine domains, interest is aroused by recognition of major pre-Jurassic events, which are still not completely known. Thus this work leads to a tentative reconstruction of the still-debated geological history of the interval between the end of the Hercynian orogenic cycle and the beginning of the Alpine sedimentary cycle.

10.1017/cbo9780511529498.008

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The Permian-Triassic transition: Historical review of the most important ecological crises with special emphasis on the Iberian Peninsula and Western-Central Europe

Journal of Iberian Geology (2008)

Carmina Virgili

Peninsula

10.5209/jige.33905

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Permian to Triassic sequences from selected continental areas of southwestern Europe

Geological Society London Special Publications (2006)

Carmina Virgili G. Cassinis Jean Broutin

Abstract This contribution is a tentative reconstruction of the still-debated geological history in the primarily continental domains now represented in various parts of southwestern Europe, between the end of the Variscan diastrophism and the beginning of the Alpine sedimentary evolution. Data and interpretations vary from one region of terrestrial rocks to another. Despite this, we have tried to highlight the most typical and significant geological features. From the Carboniferous to Triassic, palaeontological investigations of the macroflora, microflora and tetrapod footprints, as well as radiometric data, generally point out the presence of three main ‘tectono-stratigraphic units’ (TSUs), separated by marked unconformities and gaps of as yet uncertain duration. The most important geological episode generally started about the Early/Middle Permian boundary and later spanned discontinuously and intensely throughout Middle Permian (Guadalupian) time. It was characterized by specific tectonic, magmatic, thermal and basinal features, which could mark the presumed change suggested by some authors from a Pangaea B to a Pangaea A. In this context, it is worth mentioning that the unconformable Middle?-Upper Permian higher TSU in Spain consists of ‘Buntsandstein’-type red beds, sometimes yielding a Thuringian flora; differently, in southern France, such as in the Lodève area, the Buntsandstein is Anisian and thus constitutes a later Triassic sequence, which rests unconformably above the as yet undefined (Mid-Late) Permian age assessment of the ‘La Lieude fossil site’; in the Southern Alps, the ‘Second tectono-sedimentary Cycle’ emphasized from the recent literature, which is initially made up of the Verrucano Lombardo-Val Gardena Sandstone red clastics, is in part laterally and upwardly replaced, east of the Adige Valley, by the sulphate evaporite to shallow-marine Bellerophon Formation. It is thus represented by continental and marine sediments generally pertaining to Late Permian (post-‘Lower Tatarian’) time and can be interpreted, in the light of the geological context of the region, as an Upper Permian and Lower Triassic TSU of a slightly younger numerical order (i.e. TSU 3 in place of TSU 2).

10.1144/gsl.sp.2006.265.01.11

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Anthropostratigraphy: New lithological units of the Quaternary controlled by human activity

Journal of Iberian Geology (2014)

Ferrán Colombo Piñol Oriol Riba Salvador Reguant Carmina Virgili L. Rivero

Many areas around the world such as the Mediterranean region have been inhabited without interruption for thousands of years. This is the case of the city of Barcelona (Spain), where remains of human settlements dating from pre-Roman times until the present have been found. A detailed geological mapping of the area occupied by the city of Barcelona raises a number of questions about the Holocene stratigraphy affected by human activity. In the old urban and surrounding areas most of the sedimentary deposits accumulated during settlement result from human interactions. Thus, new anthropostratigraphic units are proposed. The sedimentary deposits and the infill of rock excavations due to human presence may be divided into three categories: Natural lithoanthropogenic units (NAU) when their formation is not directly affected by anthropogenic activity but these contain artefacts of human origin. Induced lithoanthropogenic units (IAU) when natural processes together with human actions produce sedimentation or erosion due to natural phenomena; Constructed lithoanthropogenic units (CAU) when sedimentary accumulations and sharp contacts result from direct human activity.

Human settlement

Sedimentation

Geoarchaeology

Quaternary science

10.5209/rev_jige.2013.v39.n2.42500

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El Pérmico Inferior de Tamajón, Retiendas, Valdesotos y Tortuero (Borde S del Sistema Central)

Alfonso Sopeña Jeanne Doubinger Carmina Virgili

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