Alejandro Vallejo

John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County

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Santiago Moreno

Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

Fernando Dronda

Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

Javier Zamora

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública

Carolina Gutiérrez

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

Rafael Rubio

Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre

Francesc Vidal

Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona

Javier Martínez‐Sanz

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

José A. Pérez‐Molina

Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

José L. Casado

Instituto Cajal

Nadia Madrid

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

Cooperative Institutions

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

144

Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red

119

Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria

Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

Universidad de Alcalá

Hospital Universitario La Paz

Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón

Hospital Clínico San Carlos

Universitat de Barcelona

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

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Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy with a CCR5 Antagonist in Patients with Chronic HIV-1 Infection: Effect on T Cells Latently Infected

PLoS ONE (2011)

Carolina Gutiérrez Laura Díaz Alejandro Vallejo Beatriz Hernández‐Novoa María Abad-Fernández

Objective The primary objective was to assess the effect of MVC intensification on latently infected CD4+ T cells in chronically HIV-1-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Methods We performed an open-label pilot phase II clinical trial involving chronically HIV-1-infected patients receiving stable antiretroviral therapy whose regimen was intensified with 48 weeks of maraviroc therapy. We analyzed the latent reservoir, the residual viremia and episomal 2LTR DNA to examine the relationship between these measures and the HIV-1 latent reservoir, immune activation, lymphocyte subsets (including effector and central memory T cells), and markers associated with bacterial translocation. Results Overall a non significant reduction in the size of the latent reservoir was found (p = 0.068). A mean reduction of 1.82 IUPM was observed in 4 patients with detectable latent reservoir at baseline after 48 weeks of intensification. No effect on plasma residual viremia was observed. Unexpectedly, all the patients had detectable 2LTR DNA circles at week 24, while none of them showed those circles at the end of the study. No changes were detected in CD4+ or CD8+ counts, although a significant decrease was found in the proportion of HLA-DR+/CD38+ CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. LPS and sCD14 levels increased. Conclusions Intensification with MVC was associated with a trend to a decrease in the size of the latent HIV-1 reservoir in memory T cells. No impact on residual viremia was detected. Additional studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the results. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00795444

Viremia

Maraviroc

Regimen

10.1371/journal.pone.0027864

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Citations (86)

Geological and hypogene mineralization characteristics of the hematite‐rich Pelusa IOCG prospect, Antofagasta Region, Northern Chile

Resource Geology (2023)

Nicolás Carvajal Shoji Kojima Alejandro Vallejo Freddy Ildefonso

Abstract The Japón, Tailandia and China Sur deposits in the Pelusa mineralized area correspond to a hematite‐dominant IOCG clan within the coastal Cordillera in the Antofagasta Region, Northern Chile, and their mineralization occurs in basaltic to andesitic volcanic rocks of the Jurassic La Negra Formation. In addition to geological and mineralogical descriptions, bulk chemistry of the host rocks, microthermometric and sulfur isotropic analyses were performed to elucidate ore‐forming characteristics of the three orebodies. Chemical data of the host rocks indicate a subalkaline calc‐alkaline affinity with enrichment of the incompatible LILEs, displaying a typical pattern of igneous rocks formed in subduction zones as a general characteristic of the Jurassic‐Lower Cretaceous magmatic arc. Chalcopyrite is the predominant hypogene copper mineral, that variously occurs as veinlets, disseminations and breccia matrix. Fluid inclusions data indicate formation temperatures of the hypogene mineralization ranging mostly from 186 to 377°C, with a high‐salinity range of 30.1 and 45.0 wt% NaCl. The sulfur isotopic ratios (δ 34 S CDT ) of pyrite and chalcopyrite present a narrow range of values from −10.6 to −7.5‰. The negative values in the limited range imply that sulfide minerals of the Pelusa area were formed under a relatively oxidizing and/or neutral pH condition, compared with other Chilean IOCG deposits.

Hypogene

Stockwork

Breccia

Felsic

Metasomatism

10.1111/rge.12310

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Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebo-controlled study

Nature Communications (2021)

Sergio Serrano‐Villar Alba Talavera-Rodríguez María José Gosalbes Nadia Madrid José A. Pérez‐Molina

Abstract Changes in the microbiota have been linked to persistent inflammation during treated HIV infection. In this pilot double-blind study, we study 30 HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 randomized to either weekly fecal microbiota capsules or placebo for 8 weeks. Stool donors were rationally selected based on their microbiota signatures. We report that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe, not related to severe adverse events, and attenuates HIV-associated dysbiosis. FMT elicits changes in gut microbiota structure, including significant increases in alpha diversity, and a mild and transient engraftment of donor’s microbiota during the treatment period. The greater engraftment seems to be achieved by recent antibiotic use before FMT. The Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, which are typically depleted in people with HIV, are the taxa more robustly engrafted across time-points. In exploratory analyses, we describe a significant amelioration in the FMT group in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), a biomarker of intestinal damage that independently predicts mortality. Gut microbiota manipulation using a non-invasive and safe strategy of FMT delivery is feasible and deserves further investigation. Trial number: NCT03008941.

Lachnospiraceae

Dysbiosis

Fecal bacteriotherapy

10.1038/s41467-021-21472-1

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New signatures of poor CD4 cell recovery after suppressive antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected individuals: involvement of miR-192, IL-6, sCD14 and miR-144

Scientific Reports (2020)

Francisco J. Hernández-Walias María J. Ruiz-de-León Isaac Rosado‐Sánchez Esther Vázquez Manuel Leal

Abstract Up to 40% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV-1 infection are late diagnoses, with a profound decrease in CD4 cell counts in many cases. One-third of these individuals do not achieve optimal CD4 cell recovery (OR) after suppressive antiretroviral treatment (ART). This retrospective/longitudinal study of poor recovery (PR) included 79 HIV-1-infected individuals with CD4 count <200 cells/mm 3 (25 PR and 54 OR) before ART. After suppressive ART, 21 PR and 24 OR individuals were further analysed, including paired samples. Selected miRs and plasma inflammatory markers were determined to investigate their potential predictive/diagnostic value for poor recovery. miR-192, IL-6 and sCD14 were independently associated with CD4 recovery before ART (p = 0.031, p = 0.007, and p = 0.008, respectively). The combination of these three factors returned a good discrimination (predictive value for PR) value of 0.841 (AUC, p < 0.001). After suppressive ART, miR-144 was independently associated with CD4 recovery (p = 0.017), showing a moderate discrimination value of 0.730 (AUC, p = 0.008) for PR. Our study provides new evidence on the relationship between miRs and HIV-1 infection that could help improve the management of individuals at HIV-1 diagnosis. These miRs and cytokines signature sets provide novel tools to predict CD4 cell recovery and its progression after ART.

Cd4 t cell

10.1038/s41598-020-60073-8

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Citations (23)

Discovering HIV related information by means of association rules and machine learning

Scientific Reports (2022)

Lourdes Araujo Juan Martínez-Romo Otilia Bisbal Ricardo Sanchez-de-Madariaga Joaquín Portilla

Abstract Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still one of the main health problems worldwide. It is therefore essential to keep making progress in improving the prognosis and quality of life of affected patients. One way to advance along this pathway is to uncover connections between other disorders associated with HIV/AIDS—so that they can be anticipated and possibly mitigated. We propose to achieve this by using Association Rules (ARs). They allow us to represent the dependencies between a number of diseases and other specific diseases. However, classical techniques systematically generate every AR meeting some minimal conditions on data frequency, hence generating a vast amount of uninteresting ARs, which need to be filtered out. The lack of manually annotated ARs has favored unsupervised filtering, even though they produce limited results. In this paper, we propose a semi-supervised system, able to identify relevant ARs among HIV-related diseases with a minimal amount of annotated training data. Our system has been able to extract a good number of relationships between HIV-related diseases that have been previously detected in the literature but are scattered and are often little known. Furthermore, a number of plausible new relationships have shown up which deserve further investigation by qualified medical experts.

Association (psychology)

10.1038/s41598-022-22695-y

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Citations (2)