Anthony Berdeu

Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

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Ferréol Soulez

École Normale Supérieure de Lyon

P. Bourget

European Southern Observatory

Sylvain Guieu

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

S. Hippler

Max Planck Institute for Astronomy

F. Mang

Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

Sylvain Oberti

European Southern Observatory

G. Perrin

University of Pennsylvania

J. Woillez

European Southern Observatory

S. Robbe-Dubois

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

G. Heißel

Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Max Planck Society

Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

European Southern Observatory

Max Planck Innovation

Laboratoire d’études spatiales et d’instrumentation en astrophysique

Observatoire de Paris

European Southern Observatory

Sorbonne Université

Université Paris Cité

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SmIC: A new data reduction algorithm for the integral field spectrograph of SPHERE

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) (2019)

Anthony Berdeu Éric Thiébaut Ferréol Soulez Laurent Denis M. Langlois

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Integral field spectrograph

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A dynamical measure of the black hole mass in a quasar 11 billion years ago

Nature (2024)

R. Abuter Fatmé Allouche A. Amorim C. Bailet Anthony Berdeu

Tight relationships exist in the local universe between the central stellar properties of galaxies and the mass of their supermassive black hole. These suggest galaxies and black holes co-evolve, with the main regulation mechanism being energetic feedback from accretion onto the black hole during its quasar phase. A crucial question is how the relationship between black holes and galaxies evolves with time; a key epoch to probe this relationship is at the peaks of star formation and black hole growth 8-12 billion years ago (redshifts 1-3). Here we report a dynamical measurement of the mass of the black hole in a luminous quasar at a redshift of 2, with a look back time of 11 billion years, by spatially resolving the broad line region. We detect a 40 micro-arcsecond (0.31 pc) spatial offset between the red and blue photocenters of the H$\alpha$ line that traces the velocity gradient of a rotating broad line region. The flux and differential phase spectra are well reproduced by a thick, moderately inclined disk of gas clouds within the sphere of influence of a central black hole with a mass of 3.2x10$^{8}$ solar masses. Molecular gas data reveal a dynamical mass for the host galaxy of 6x10$^{11}$ solar masses, which indicates an under-massive black hole accreting at a super-Eddington rate. This suggests a host galaxy that grew faster than the supermassive black hole, indicating a delay between galaxy and black hole formation for some systems.

Black hole (networking)

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10.1038/s41586-024-07053-4

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