Marianna Mészáros

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

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Beda A. Hofmann

Natural History Museum of Bern

I. Leya

University of Bern

Mihály Molnár

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

Titanilla Kertész

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

Tamás Varga

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

Róbert Janovics

Isotop (Israel)

Virág Gergely

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

Edwin Gnos

Natural History Museum of Geneva

Mihály Veres

Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust

Anita Molnár

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

Cooperative Institutions

University of Arizona

Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique

University of Debrecen

University of Bern

HUN-REN Institute for Nuclear Research

Hungarian Academy of Sciences

ETH Zurich

Natural History Museum of Bern

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

New York University Press

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A noble gas data collection of lunar meteorites

Meteoritics and Planetary Science (2018)

Marianna Mészáros Beda A. Hofmann I. Leya

Abstract We collected the published noble gas data of altogether 35 lunar meteorites. This compilation includes the stable isotopes of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. We also give a summary of cosmogenic, trapped, and radiogenic noble gas components of lunar meteorites for which data are available in the literature.

Noble gas

Radiogenic nuclide

Moon landing

10.1111/maps.13037

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Citations (4)

RDC volume 63 issue 2 Cover and Front matter

Radiocarbon (2021)

Andrew Jull Kimberley Elliott Jordon Bright Chris Ebert Matthew A. Kosnik

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Front cover

10.1017/rdc.2021.24

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Citations (1)

GAS ION SOURCE PERFORMANCE OF THE ENVIRONMICADAS AT HEKAL LABORATORY, DEBRECEN, HUNGARY

Radiocarbon (2021)

Mihály Molnár Marianna Mészáros Róbert Janovics István Major Katalin Hubay

ABSTRACT A coupled accelerator mass spectrometer–gas interface system has been successfully operating at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Debrecen, Hungary, since 2013. Over the last 6 years more than 500 gas targets were measured below 100 µg carbon content for carbon isotopic composition. The system was tested with blanks, OxII, IAEA-C1, IAEA-C2, and IAEA-C7 standards. The performance of our instrumentation shows good agreement with other published gas-interface system data and also shows a quite good agreement with the nominal value of international standard samples. There is a measurable but quite small memory effect after modern samples, but this does not significantly affect the final results. Typical ion currents at the low energy side were between 10–15 µA with a 5% CO 2 in He mixing ratio. The relative errors average ±6% for samples greater than or equal to 10 µgC sample with mean count rates of 300 counts per microgram C for OxII. The blank is comparable with other systems, which is 0.0050 ± 0.0018 F 14 C or 34,000–47,000 yr BP, which allows for the routine measurement of both of small environmental and archeological samples.

Accelerator mass spectrometry

Instrumentation

Carbon fibers

10.1017/rdc.2020.109

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The Twannberg iron meteorite strewn field in the Swiss Jura mountains: insights for Quaternary environmental conditions

Swiss Journal of Geosciences (2023)

Beda A. Hofmann Naki Akçar Sönke Szidat Pierre G. Valla Marcus Christl

Abstract The ~ 10 km 2 strewn field of the Twannberg type IIG iron meteorite is located in the Swiss Jura Mountains, 30 km northwest of Bern. The strewn field has been mapped by a group of citizen scientists since 2006, yielding more than 2000 meteorite fragments with a total mass of 152.7 kg until the end of 2022. With a terrestrial age of 176 ± 19 ka and a minimum pre-atmospheric mass of ~ 250 t, the Twannberg meteorite is a local time marker in an area with a poorly-known paleoenvironmental history. The Twannberg strewn field is located just outside of the maximum extent of ice during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). On the Mont Sujet, meteorites are size-sorted in a 6-km long section of the primary strewn field (altitude 945–1370 m a.s.l.), indicating a fall direction from east-northeast to west-southwest (azimuth approximately 250°). On the Twannberg plateau and in the Twannbach gorge, meteorites are not size-sorted and occur in a ~ 5.7-km long area associated with till and recent stream sediments (altitude 430–1075 m a.s.l.). The mass distribution of meteorites on the Twannberg plateau demonstrate that these meteorites were not found where they fell but that they must have been transported up to several km by glacier ice flow after the fall. The distribution of meteorites and of glacially transported Alpine clasts on the Mont Sujet and on the Chasseral chain indicates the presence of local ice caps and of an approximately 200-m higher Alpine ice surface with respect to the LGM at the time of fall. This high ice level during MIS 6 (Marine Isotopic Stage 6, 191–130 ka) indicated by the meteorite distribution is consistent with surface exposure ages of 50–144 ka from nearby resting erratic boulders at altitudes of up to 1290 m a.s.l., including the newly dated Jobert boulder (63 ka). These boulders indicate an ice level ~ 400 m higher than during LGM at a time not later than MIS 6. Post-LGM luminescence ages of loess-containing meteorites on the Mont Sujet and 14 C ages of materials associated with meteorite finds indicate relatively young pedoturbation and increased oxidation of meteorites since ~ 7300 cal BP, possibly correlated with deforestation and enhanced erosion resulting from increased human activities since the Neolithic. This study shows that Twannberg meteorites in their palaeoenvironmental context provide valuable information about ice levels and transport directions during MIS 6 and about their interaction with the post-LGM environmental conditions. The unique Twannberg strewn field has the potential to reveal more valuable information.

10.1186/s00015-023-00442-3

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Petrology and geochemistry of feldspathic impact-melt breccia Abar al' Uj 012, the first lunar meteorite from Saudi Arabia

Meteoritics and Planetary Science (2016)

Marianna Mészáros Beda A. Hofmann Pierre Lanari R. L. Korotev Edwin Gnos

Abstract Abar al' Uj (AaU) 012 is a clast‐rich, vesicular impact‐melt (IM) breccia, composed of lithic and mineral clasts set in a very fine‐grained and well‐crystallized matrix. It is a typical feldspathic lunar meteorite, most likely originating from the lunar farside. Bulk composition (31.0 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 3.85 wt% FeO) is close to the mean of feldspathic lunar meteorites and Apollo FAN ‐suite rocks. The low concentration of incompatible trace elements (0.39 ppm Th, 0.13 ppm U) reflects the absence of a significant KREEP component. Plagioclase is highly anorthitic with a mean of An 96.9 Ab 3.0 Or 0.1 . Bulk rock Mg# is 63 and molar FeO/MnO is 76. The terrestrial age of the meteorite is 33.4 ± 5.2 kyr. AaU 012 contains a ~1.4 × 1.5 mm 2 exotic clast different from the lithic clast population which is dominated by clasts of anorthosite breccias. Bulk composition and presence of relatively large vesicles indicate that the clast was most probably formed by an impact into a precursor having nonmare igneous origin most likely related to the rare alkali‐suite rocks. The IM clast is mainly composed of clinopyroxenes, contains a significant amount of cristobalite (9.0 vol%), and has a microcrystalline mesostasis. Although the clast shows similarities in texture and modal mineral abundances with some Apollo pigeonite basalts, it has lower FeO and higher SiO 2 than any mare basalt. It also has higher FeO and lower Al 2 O 3 than rocks from the FAN ‐ or Mg‐suite. Its lower Mg# (59) compared to Mg‐suite rocks also excludes a relationship with these types of lunar material.

Breccia

Pigeonite

10.1111/maps.12693

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Citations (19)

Cosmic‐ray exposure histories of the lunar meteorites AaU 012 and Shişr 166

Meteoritics and Planetary Science (2017)

Marianna Mészáros I. Leya Beda A. Hofmann

Abstract We measured the concentrations and isotopic compositions of the stable isotopes of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe in the two lunar impact‐melt breccias Abar al’ Uj (AaU) 012 and Shişr 166 to obtain information on their cosmic‐ray exposure histories and possible launch pairing; the latter was suggested because of their similar chemical composition. AaU 012 has higher gas concentrations than Shişr 166 and clearly contains implanted solar wind gases, indicating a shallow to moderate shielding for this meteorite in the lunar regolith. The maximum shielding depth of AaU 012 was most likely ≤310 g cm −2 and its lunar regolith residence time was ≥420 ± 70 Ma. Our results indicate that in Shişr 166 the trapped component is a mixture of air and solar wind. The low concentration of cosmogenic and solar wind gases indicate substantial diffusive gas loss and a shielding depth of <700 g cm −2 on the Moon for Shişr 166. All differences seen in the concentrations and isotopic compositions of the noble gases suggest that AaU 012 and Shişr 166 are most likely not launch pairs, although a different exposure history on the Moon does not exclude the possibility that the two meteorites were ejected by a single, large impact event.

Regolith

Noble gas

Breccia

10.1111/maps.12904

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Citations (4)

Current Performance and Preliminary Results of a New¹⁴C Extraction Line for Meteorites at the University of Bern

Radiocarbon (2017)

Marianna Mészáros I. Leya Beda A. Hofmann Sönke Szidat

Abstract Here, we introduce a new radiocarbon ( 14 C) extraction line operating at the University of Bern, which was designed and built for the extraction of in situ 14 C from meteorites. With this system, we achieved two important developments compared to other systems. First, using the MICADAS gas-interface system, 14 C can directly be measured from the collected CO 2 gas, i.e., without graphitization of the sample. Second, meteorite sample masses as low as ~0.05 g can be used for high precision and reproducibility. Prior to extraction in an oxygen atmosphere held at a pressure of ~20–30 mbar in an iridium crucible at 1600°C for 40 min, samples were preheated for 1 h in a constant oxygen flow at 500°C and continuous pumping. Gas purification followed the method described previously (e.g., Hippe et al. 2009). While the blank levels for preheated samples are low (<2×10 4 14 C atoms), the blanks for non-preheated samples are high, therefore those results cannot be used. We also report preliminary results for the L-chondrite JaH 073. The terrestrial age of 17.7±0.4 ka is in good agreement with previous results for the same sample of this meteorite, confirming that the extraction line, the gas purification system, and the AMS measurements are all reliable.

Noble gas

Carbonaceous chondrite

10.1017/rdc.2017.114

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Citations (4)