E. Bazhenova

Polar (Finland)

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Ruediger Stein

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Jens Matthießen

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

АА

А. А. Krylov

All Russian Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean

Christoph Vogt

University of Bremen

Nathalie Fagel

University of Liège

Robert F. Spielhagen

GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel

Martin Jakobsson

Stockholm University

Frank Niessen

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

Anna A. Cherezova

St Petersburg University

Grace E. Shephard

University of Oslo

Cooperative Institutions

Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung

University of Bremen

British Antarctic Survey

Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute

Kiel University

St Petersburg University

National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics

All Russian Research Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean

University of New Hampshire

National Oceanography Centre

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Nippon foundation / GEBCO ocean mapping training program at the university of New Hampshire: 13 years of success and alumni activities

OCEANS 2017 - Aberdeen (2017)

Rochelle Wigley Yulia Zarayskaya E. Bazhenova R. K. H. Falconer Karolina Zwolak

The General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO, http://www.gebco.net/) training of a new generation of hydrographers and scientists in ocean mapping has been funded by the Nippon Foundation, based in Tokyo, Japan, since 2004. The Nippon Foundation is a private, non-profit foundation, whose overall objectives include social innovation, assistance for humanitarian activities and global ocean management (http:// www.nippon-foundation.or.jp/en). The 14th class of Nippon Foundation / GEBCO Postgraduate Certificate in Ocean Bathymetry (PCOB) Training Program (http://www.gebco.net/training) will begin one year-long education for a Graduate Certificate at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping / Joint Hydrographic Center in the University of New Hampshire in August 2017 (http://ccom.unh.edu/gebco). These six new individuals from Year 14 will join an international and active group of 78 Nippon Foundation / GEBCO Training Program alumni from 35 coastal states educated in ocean mapping over the last 13 years. These alumni working at national naval and hydrographic offices, industry, research institutes and universities represent a group of ocean mappers who take home a strong passion for the oceans, backed by a world-class education they will use to build capacity through sharing their knowledge and experiences in their home nations. Currently ∼80% of the alumni are still employed within the same organization they were attached to when selected for the Training Program and ∼97% are still working in ocean sciences. This strong retention of alumni is one of the greatest successes of the Nippon Foundation / GEBCO Training Program. This capacity-building Training Program consists of a combination of theoretical education and practical training. Obligatory and elective courses give the students a complex knowledge of topics related to hydrographic surveying and coastal and ocean mapping. The Summer Hydrographic Field Course is a culmination of the training; consisting of planning, practical realization and data analysis of hydrographic survey data of a specific area of New Hampshire coastal waters. The academic training is followed by a visit in an international laboratory, chosen individually for each student and a deep-water ocean mapping research cruise. This gives the students the opportunity to get familiarized with oceans-related research and to work in institutions abroad on their own relevant projects with the support of laboratory staff. The lab visit and research cruise round out the students training, help them build networks and deepen some of their newly-acquired theoretical knowledge. GEBCO (http://www.gebco.net) aims to provide the most authoritative, publicly-available bathymetry data sets for the worlds oceans and is a joint project of the International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. Nippon Foundation / GEBCO Training Program alumni are now a significant group within the GEBCO organization, and are engaged in various regional and global mapping projects, including the Indian Ocean Bathymetric Compilation (IOBC), the International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO), the International Bathy-metric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBSCO) and the GEBCO Sub-Committee on Undersea Feature Names (SCUFN). The diverse backgrounds, academic skills and practical experiences and knowledge of the Nippon Foundation / GEBCO alumni group, has being capitalized on in a number of alumniled initiatives. The alumni supported by industry and GEBCO experts, are, for example, currently developing an alternative integrated and remote mapping system solution for the Shell Ocean Discovery XPRIZE competition participation.

Certificate

10.1109/oceanse.2017.8084900

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Modern agglutinated Foraminifera from the Hovgaard Ridge, Fram Strait, west of Spitzbergen:Evidence for a deep bottom current

Kaminski Frank Niessen E. Bazhenova L.C. De La Guardia Bernard Coakley

Deep-water agglutinated foraminifera on the crest of the Hovgaard Ridge, west of Spitsbergen, consist mostly of large tubular astrorhizids. At a boxcore station collected from the crest of Hovgaard Ridge at a water depth of 1169 m, the sediment surface was covered with patches of large (1 mm diameter) tubular forms, be longing mostly to the species Astrorhiza crassatina Brady, with smaller numbers of Saccorhiza, Hyperammina, and Psammosiphonella. Non-tubular species consisted mainly of opportunistic forms, such as Psammosphaera and Reophax. The presence of large suspension-feeding tubular genera as well as opportunistic forms point to the presence of deep currents at this locality that are strong enough to disturb the benthic fauna. This is confirmed by data obtained from sediment echosounding, which exhibit lateral variation in relative sedimentation rates within the Pleistocene sedimentary drape covering the ridge, in dicative of winnowing in a south-easterly direction.

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A COMPREHENSIVE INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING GEOACOUSTIC EMISSION AND ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF ROCKS IN NATURAL OCCURRENCE

Уральский геофизический вестник. (2023)

Ю.Г. Астраханцев Н.А. Белоглазова E. Bazhenova А.Г. Вдовин

Разработана новая модификация скважинного прибора, который можно использовать для каротажа, краткосрочного и длительного мониторинга сигналов геоакустической эмиссии и электро- магнитного излучения. Представленный комплекс аппаратуры и программного обеспечения для реги- страции и обработки полученных данных помимо решения стандартных задач промысловой геофизики (выявление интервалов движения флюида, определения характера насыщенности коллекторов и т.п.) позволяет характеризовать динамическое состояние массива, прилегающего к исследуемой скважине. Наличие в конструкции прибора дополнительных датчиков – акселерометров, позволяет определить направление плоскости прохождения регистрируемых сигналов. A new modifi cation of the downhole instrument has been developed, which can be used for logging, short-term and long-term monitoring of geoacoustic emission and electromagnetic radiation signals. The presented set of equipment and software makes it possible to solve standard problems of fi eld geophysics (identifi cation of fl uid movement intervals, determination of reservoir saturation, etc.) and characterize the dynamic state of the massif adjacent to the well under study. The presence of additional accelerometer sensors in the device design makes it possible to determine the direction of the plane of passage of the recorded signals.

10.25698/ugv.2023.2.5.37

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The International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2

Scientific Data (2022)

Boris Dorschel Laura Hehemann Sacha Viquerat Fynn Warnke Simon Dreutter

Abstract The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is a region that is key to a range of climatic and oceanographic processes with worldwide effects, and is characterised by high biological productivity and biodiversity. Since 2013, the International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean (IBCSO) has represented the most comprehensive compilation of bathymetry for the Southern Ocean south of 60°S. Recently, the IBCSO Project has combined its efforts with the Nippon Foundation – GEBCO Seabed 2030 Project supporting the goal of mapping the world’s oceans by 2030. New datasets initiated a second version of IBCSO (IBCSO v2). This version extends to 50°S (covering approximately 2.4 times the area of seafloor of the previous version) including the gateways of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Antarctic circumpolar frontal systems. Due to increased (multibeam) data coverage, IBCSO v2 significantly improves the overall representation of the Southern Ocean seafloor and resolves many submarine landforms in more detail. This makes IBCSO v2 the most authoritative seafloor map of the area south of 50°S.

Seafloor Spreading

Circumpolar star

Seabed

Bathymetric chart

Landform

10.1038/s41597-022-01366-7

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Citations (67)

Reconstruction of late Quaternary sedimentary environments at the southern Mendeleev Ridge (Arctic Ocean)

E. Bazhenova

The late Pleistocene history of the Arctic comprised cyclical changes in the extension of land-based ice sheets and sea-ice cover that affected sedimentary environments in the Arctic Ocean. This PhD thesis focuses on sediment records from the Mendeleev Ridge spanning the last 200 ka. Over this time period, variable sedimentation patterns were described and possible implications for reconstruction of glacial/interglacial paleoenvironments were provided. One of the main goals of this study was to identify mineralogical and inorganic-geochemical tracers in marine sediments that could be used for discrimination of sediment provenance and consequently for reconstruction of sediment pathways. In Chapter 5 possibility of provenance discrimination based on bulk mineral composition of surface sediments is discussed. This study compares the results from two software packages, RockJock and QUAX, for quantification of mineral assemblages from the X-Ray diffraction (XRD) data. Comparison with published overviews on the mineral composition of Arctic Ocean surface sediments demonstrates that in provenance studies bulk mineral composition of sediments should be used along with other indicators for source areas. In Chapter 6 stratigraphy for 4 cores recovered along a transect at ca. 77°36’N across the Mendeleev Ridge during the ARK-XXIII/3 Expedition of RV “Polarstern” was revised using paleomagnetic parameters (inclination and paleointensity) supported by AMS 14C datings and micropaleontological evidences. Changes of sedimentary settings from the Mendeleev Ridge towards the East Siberian Sea margin were documented for the last 200 ka. As evidenced by grain-size and mineralogical data, there were several events of intensified sediment discharge at the Mendeleev Ridge possibly linked to paleoenvironmental changes in North America and Eurasia. Chapter 7 describes provenance investigations using the isotopic composition of radiogenic lead (Pb) and neodymium (Nd) of detrital fraction in core PS72/340-5 at the eastern flank of the Mendeleev Ridge. Obtained results were compared with marine surface sediment data and values for the circum-Arctic subaerial provinces. Late Quaternary sediment supply variability was analyzed using the mixing model constrained by two tracers: 207Pb/206Pb and #Nd. Our results confirm that over the last 200 ka dolomite-rich pink layers at the southern Mendeleev Ridge were deposited during events associated with intensified iceberg transport from North America. On the whole, sedimentation was mostly controlled by terrigenous input from the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas whereas sediment supply from the Laptev Sea area remained less important and relatively constant at the studied location.

Heavy mineral

Detritus

Quaternary science

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Provenance discrimination in surface sediments of the Amerasian Basin (Arctic Ocean) constrained by quantitative mineralogical analyses

EGUGA (2012)

E. Bazhenova Zou Haiyan Christoph Vogt R. S. Stein Jens Matthießen

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Lateglacial and Holocene palaeoenvironments on Bolshevik Island (Severnaya Zemlya), Russian High Arctic

Boreas (2020)

Anna A. Cherezova Grigory Fedorov Elena Raschke Janet Rethemeyer Dmitry Bolshiyanov

The late Quaternary climatic and environmental history of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian High Arctic has been the focus of many palaeoenvironmental studies since the 1970s. However, the existing data are highly fragmentary and sometimes contradictory. New information concerning the archipelago's environmental history was derived from a 2.46‐m‐long sediment core from Lake Tvyordoe, located in the northwestern part of Bolshevik Island. The core was investigated by a multi‐proxy approach that comprises radiocarbon dating as well as lithological, granulometrical, palynological and geochemical analyses. The results provide new insights into the vegetation history as well as changes in lake level, lake‐ice cover, and water and sediment input since the Last Glacial Maximum ( LGM ). Fine‐grained, laminated sediments at the core base, which were dated to c . 24.2 cal. ka BP , suggest lacustrine sedimentation under a permanent ice cover with low meltwater supply. This, along with a lack of glacial and glacial‐lacustrine deposits, supports earlier assumptions that Bolshevik Island was not covered by the Barents‐Kara Ice Sheet during the LGM . Furthermore, even the Mushketov Ice Cap, the closest ice mass to Lake Tvyordoe, did not expand from the denudation plateau to the lake. During the terminal Pleistocene, starting c . 14.5 cal. ka BP , warmer and wetter climate conditions resulted in higher sediment loads. The most favourable environmental conditions prevailed on Bolshevik Island throughout the Early and Middle Holocene ( c . 11.7–6.5 cal. ka BP ), when low shrub tundra associations with dwarf birch, willow and alder dominated the vegetation. After c . 10.0 cal. ka BP , a shift to climate drying occurred, which, after 6.5 cal. ka BP , was accompanied by a climate cooling. The Late Holocene climate, according to pollen data (suggesting sparse lichen–moss–grass cover) and relatively low total organic carbon ( TOC ) contents, was rather similar to that during the Lateglacial.

10.1111/bor.12428

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A North Pole thermal anomaly? Evidence from new and existing heat flow measurements from the central Arctic Ocean

Journal of Geodynamics (2018)

Grace E. Shephard Steffen Wiers E. Bazhenova Lara F. Pérez Luz María Mejía

Heat flow

Radiogenic nuclide

Oceanic basin

10.1016/j.jog.2018.01.017

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Citations (21)

Results of X-ray diffraction analysis and quantification of mineral phases based on the RockJock quantitative analysis and the full-pattern method QUAX of Arctic Ocean surface sediments

E. Bazhenova Christoph Vogt Ruediger Stein

10.1594/pangaea.792555

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Towards a better (litho-) stratigraphy and reconstruction of Quaternary paleoenvironment in the Amerasian Basin (Arctic Ocean)

Ruediger Stein Jens Matthießen Frank Niessen А. А. Krylov Sungjin Nam

New sediment cores were recovered along two transects from the Canada Basin across the central Mendeleev Ridge towards the Makarov Basin and the Lomonosov Ridge in the Eurasian Arctic (northern transect along 80°30 N, southern transect along 77°30 N). Here, we present first results from Polarstern ARK-XXIII/3 expedition (Aug-Oct 2008). Based on the visual core description, Clarks standard lithological units A to M (CLARK et al. 1980) could also be clearly identified in sediment cores from the northern transect across Mendeleev Ridge. The content of sand-sized material, the prominent pink-white layers, and especially in the upper part of the records the distinct brown/beige colour cycles were considered to be the key sedimentary characteristics used for core correlation and for establishing a tentative age model. Based on this age model, the sediments recovered in cores from the southern transect are younger than Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 8, whereas the cores from the northern transect also contain sediments probably significantly older than MIS 16. Average sedimentation rates for the time interval MIS 1 to 5 in cores from the northern transect reach values of 0.5-0.9 cm ky-1 (top Mendeleev Ridge and Canadian side), increasing to 1.9-2.4 cm ky-1 at the Makarov Basin side. Along the southern transect, sedimentation rates are significantly higher, reaching 4.2 to >6 cm ky-1. The most distinct pinkish intervals characterized by high numbers of dolomitic ice-rafted debris (IRD) are related to increased IRD supply due to disintegration of an extended Laurentide Ice Sheet during MIS 8 (/7), MIS 5d, and MIS 4/MIS 3. The sand-rich intervals and detrital-carbonate maxima found in the deeper part of the sediment sections from the northern transect may reflect events of IRD input due to disintegration events of the Laurentide Ice Sheet at the end of glacial MIS 8, 10, 12, and 16, a still speculative hypothesis that has to be approved by further studies. A diamicton with erosional structures at its base was identified on southern Mendeleev Ridge in water depths of 800-900 m, suggesting the impact of grounding ice masses during a glaciation older than MIS 5a. Future research of this unique new core material recovered during the Polarstern Expedition may help to answer key questions in Arctic Ocean stratigraphy/chronology to unravel the history of circum-Arctic glaciations.

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