ABSTRACTThis article analyses how La Plata River Basin experts perceive the process of setting up the governance of transboundary waters and determines whether the principles of good governance are adhered to, as established by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). A questionnaire was developed and submitted to experts with demonstrated expertise in the field. The results suggest that transboundary water governance needs to be strengthened. Critical issues include principles related to policy coherence and coordination among sectors, integrity and transparency, stakeholder engagement, and balanced commitments between consumers, rural and urban regions, and generations.KEYWORDS: La Plata River Basintransboundary water governanceThe OECD Principles on Water Governancetransboundary water professionalsopinion survey AcknowledgementsThe authors extend their gratitude and acknowledgements to all water professional participants in this study.Disclosure statementNo potential competing interest was reported by the authors.Notes1. The designations employed in this paper and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO or the organizations of the authors concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed therein are those of the authors and are not those of UNESCO or the organisations of the authors and are not an expression of these organizations' commitment. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Federal University of São Paulo Ethics Committee (Project CEP/UNIFESP no 0932/2020). Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.Additional informationFundingThis publication was supported by the National Water and Sanitation Agency of Brazil as part of the ANA-ABC-UNESCO 586RLA2001 project.
Abstract With an extension of 1.2 million square kilometers, the Guarani Aquifer System is one of the largest transboundary groundwater systems in the world. It underlies parts of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay and was only relatively recently recognized as a transboundary resource. The four countries are now in the process of starting up a project to elaborate and implement a common institutional and technical framework for managing and preserving the Guarani Aquifer System for current and future generations. This paper briefly presents the Guarani Aquifer System Project. The preparation process is described due to its particular interest for other similar multi-country endeavors. Following the presentation of the project, the paper takes a forward-looking approach and analyzes the applicability of current international law for transboundary groundwater resources in the context of the Guarani Aquifer System. It concludes that while the basic principles espoused by international law relating to transboundary groundwater resources management are valid, they do not provide very specific guidance. The Guarani Aquifer System is unique and its complex features make it an eclectic case, which already is obliging all stakeholders to work out innovative measures—in the legal, institutional, technical, scientific, social, and economic realms—to develop appropriate activities for its sustainable management. Keywords: GroundwatertransboundaryinstitutionallegalGuarani Aquifer System
O Brasil desde o ano passado conseguiu retomar a implantacao e operacao da Rede GNIP no Brasil gracas a cooperacao com a Agencia Internacional de Energia Atomica (AIEA), no âmbito do Projeto RLA/7018 “Melhora no conhecimento dos recursos hidricos subterrâneos para contribuir para a sua protecao, gestao integrada e governanca”. Esta rede foi desativada na decada de 80, em funcao de cortes no orcamento deixando uma grande lacuna na geracao de dados isotopicos de agua de chuva, que impacta na interpretacao dos dados isotopicos gerados em diversas instituicoes e centros de pesquisa que atuam na area de hidrologia isotopica nao so no Brasil como em toda a regiao. O passo inicial para a implantacao da Rede GNIP foi a doacao pela AIEA de dez coletores de agua de chuva, que vem sendo instalados por meio de repasse de recursos da Agencia Nacional de Aguas para o Servico Geologico do Brasil. No âmbito deste Termo de Execucao Descentralizada foi proposto um calendario para a instalacao destes coletores.
This article points out the main Guarani Aquifer Project results, related to knowledge development, groundwater management instruments, and institutional arrangements, to keep the cooperation process among countries. A new level of knowledge on the aquifer geometry and functioning permits a common comprehension of main problems and focus on the local management necessities. All products and achievements were developed with strong participation of the four involved countries, supported by all governmental levels and civil society organizations. The project's institutional arrangement is a seed of the next phase co-operation process between countries, with the implementation of the approved Strategic Action Programme (SAP).