Bing Zhou

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

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Stewart Greenhalgh

ETH Zurich

Xu Liu

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Mohamed Kamel Riahi

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Mark Greenhalgh

Geophysical Survey

Mohamed Jamal Zemerly

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Moosoo Won

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Mohammad Al-Khaleel

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Chao Jin

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Torleif Dahlin

Lund University

L. Marescot

GeoModelling Solutions (Switzerland)

Cooperative Institutions

Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Adelaide

King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

Institute of Geology and Geophysics

Ministry of Natural Resources

ETH Zurich

China University of Petroleum, Beijing

China Earthquake Administration

Chang'an University

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A Synthetic Study on Crosshole Resistivity Imaging Using Different Electrode Arrays

Exploration Geophysics (1997)

Bing Zhou Stewart Greenhalgh

By means of numerical simulations, the possibilities of crosshole resistivity imaging with different survey geometries are investigated for three- and four-electrode arrays. The sensitivity variation for the different arrays and the effectiveness in crosshole resistivity imaging with such data are examined. A comparative analysis was carried out by computation of the sensitivity function and anomaly effect, and a synthetic model was used to test the image reconstructions. It is shown that the bipole-bipole and bipole—pole arrays are better suited than pole-pole arrays for crosshole resistivity imaging. For target detection between boreholes, they have quite different sensitivity and anomaly effects, both of which can be adjusted by choosing the separations of the electrodes of the arrays and performing scanning observations.

Anomaly (physics)

Electrical Resistivity Tomography

10.1071/eg997001

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Citations (27)

Joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion with the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields in zero‐offset vertical seismic profile data

Geophysical Prospecting (2022)

Chao Jin Danping Cao Bing Zhou Yue Li Yuxi Wang

Abstract The attenuation of seismic waves propagating in reservoirs can be obtained accurately from the data analysis of vertical seismic profile in terms of the quality‐factor Q . The common methods usually use the downgoing wavefields in vertical seismic profile data. However, the downgoing wavefields consist of more than 90% energy of the spectrum of the vertical seismic profile data, making it difficult to estimate the viscoacoustic parameters accurately. Thus, a joint viscoacoustic waveform inversion of velocity and quality‐factor is proposed based on the multi‐objective functions and analysis of the difference between the results inverted from the separated upgoing and downgoing wavefields. A simple separating step is accomplished by the reflectivity method to obtain the individual wavefields in vertical seismic profile data, and then a joint inversion is carried out to make full use of the information of the individual wavefields and improve the convergence of viscoacoustic full‐waveform inversion. The sensitivity analysis of the different wavefields to the velocity and quality‐factor shows that the upgoing and downgoing wavefields contribute differently to the viscoacoustic parameters. A numerical example validates our method can improve the accuracy of viscoacoustic parameters compared with the direct inversion using full wavefield and the separate inversion using upgoing or downgoing wavefield. The application on real field data indicates our method can recover a reliable viscoacoustic model, which helps reservoir appraisal.

Vertical seismic profile

Anelastic attenuation factor

Seismic migration

10.1111/1365-2478.13281

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Citations (2)

A Generalized 2.5-D Time-Domain Seismic Wave Equation to Accommodate Various Elastic Media and Boundary Conditions

Pure and Applied Geophysics (2021)

Shang‐bei Yang Bing Zhou Chao‐ying Bai

Seismic migration

Point source

Acoustic wave equation

10.1007/s00024-021-02775-2

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Citations (4)

On the computation of ray-velocity vectors for seismic body waves in viscoelastic anisotropic media #xD;

Geophysics (2024)

Bing Zhou Muhammad Fadhil Darwis Xing-wang Li Stewart Greenhalgh Xu Liu

Computation of the ray-velocity vector is crucial in seismic ray tracing for the three body waves (qP, qSV, qSH) in viscoelastic anisotropic media. The computation’s primary challenge is dealing with the likely cusps or triplications of the qSV wavefronts, which makes for theoretical difficulty in tracking qSV raypaths and reflections and transmission of these body waves in such media. We review three traditional methods, namely g-Hamiltonian, p-Hamiltonian and explicit c-derivative, and then present two new approaches called implicit c-derivative and g*-Hamiltonian to tackle the challenges of seismic ray tracing. We theoretically prove the equivalence of these five methods to calculate the group velocity vector in a viscoelastic anisotropic medium and apply these methods to some rock samples and investigate the applicability of each method. Our results show that if the body wave is homogeneous (i.e., its propagation and attenuation wavefronts are parallel to each other) or if the body wavefront has no cusps or triplications, then all the methods offer a consistent solution of the ray-velocity vector. If the body wave is inhomogeneous (its propagation and attenuation wavefronts are at different angles or cross each other) and cusps and triplications occur in the wavefronts, then all methods but the g*-Hamiltonian one fail to give the proper solution of ray-velocity vector. This work demonstrates that the innovative c-Hamiltonian method is the only approach to overcome the theoretical difficulty of seismic ray tracing in viscoelastic anisotropic media.

Seismic anisotropy

10.1190/geo2023-0715.1

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Citations (1)

Crosshole acoustic velocity imaging with full-waveform spectral data: 2.5-D numerical simulations

Exploration Geophysics (1998)

Bing Zhou Stewart Greenhalgh

This paper focuses on the question of full-waveform inversion and the use of crosshole full-waveform spectral data. We examine the differences in effectiveness of each form of data (real, imaginary, amplitude, phase and Hartley spectra) and determine which is best for imaging the velocity distribution. By 2.5-D numerical simulation for three models, we found that, except for the phase data, the monochromatic real, imaginary, amplitude and Hartley spectra can be used to image the targets between boreholes by full-waveform inversion; the real and imaginary spectra produce nearly the same quality of images. The images obtained from the amplitude data exhibit more artefacts than the others. The inversion of the Hartley spectral data gives the best image of all. By computing the data misfit functions, we found that the profile of the misfit function of the phase data is more complicated than the others. For example, some discontinuities or fluctuations occur in the neighbourhood of the tme solutions. The complexity of the misfit function may be the main cause for the failure to satisfactorily image with the phase data alone: local minima capture the misfit function during the attempted global optimisation.

10.1071/eg998680

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Citations (10)

Analytic expressions for the velocity sensitivity to the elastic moduli for the most general anisotropic media

Geophysical Prospecting (2005)

Bing Zhou Stewart Greenhalgh

ABSTRACT For non‐linear kinematic inversion of elastic anisotropy parameters and related investigations of the sensitivity of seismic data, the derivatives of the wavespeed (phase velocity and group velocity) with respect to the individual elastic moduli are required. This paper presents two analytic methods, called the eigenvalue and eigenvector methods, to compute the derivatives of the wavespeeds for wave propagation in a general anisotropic medium, which may be defined by up to 21 density‐normalized elastic moduli. The first method employs a simple and compact form of the eigenvalue (phase velocity) and a general form of the group velocity, and directly yields general expressions of the derivatives for the three wave modes (qP, qS 1 , qS 2 ). The second method applies simple eigenvector solutions of the three wave modes and leads to other general forms of the derivatives. These analytic formulae show that the derivatives are, in general, functions of the 21 elastic moduli as well as the wave propagation direction, and they reflect the sensitivity of the wavespeeds to the individual elastic moduli. Meanwhile, we give results of numerical investigations with some examples for particular simplified forms of anisotropy. They show that the eigenvalue method is suitable for the qP‐, qS 1 ‐ and qS 2 ‐wave computations and mitigates the singularity problem for the two quasi‐shear waves. The eigenvector method is preferable to the eigenvalue method for the group velocity and the derivative of the phase velocity because it involves simpler expressions and independent computations, but for the derivative of the group velocity the derivative of the eigenvector is required. Both methods tackle the singularity problem and are applicable to any degree of seismic anisotropy for all three wave modes.

Group velocity

Phase velocity

10.1111/j.1365-2478.2005.00490.x

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Citations (21)

Numerical Investigation on DC Resistivity Anisotropy Modelling and Imaging for Near-surface Structures

Proceedings (2017)

Boeun An Bing Zhou

Summary The present DC electric resistivity tomography cannot incorporate anisotropic media. The research on the resistivity anisotropy modelling and imaging is rather sparse. So, this study focuses on the resistivity anisotropic modelling and the Fréchet derivative computations, which are the pivotal components of nonlinear resistivity anisotropy inversion. We adopt the Gaussian quadrature grid method to design the new anisotropic modelling and apply the perturbation analysis to compute the sensitivities (Fréchet derivative) for six 2D anisotropic cases. With the designed synthetic models, we carry out the numerical experiments with three multi-electrode surveying configurations, which are DD, GD and SC array. What’s more, we present six resistivity cases to discuss the anisotropic modelling and show the sensitivity patterns of the three arrays with the Fréchet derivatives. In a conclusion, the DD array can characterize the anisotropic structures better and the sensitivities can reflect the changes from the dip angle and the strike of the plane the stratification.

10.3997/2214-4609.201702116

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Citations (0)

Cross‐hole resistivity tomography using different electrode configurations

Geophysical Prospecting (2000)

Bing Zhou Stewart Greenhalgh

This paper investigates the relative merits and effectiveness of cross‐hole resistivity tomography using different electrode configurations for four popular electrode arrays: pole–pole, pole–bipole, bipole–pole and bipole–bipole. By examination of two synthetic models (a dipping conductive strip and a dislocated fault), it is shown that besides the popular pole–pole array, some specified three‐ and four‐electrode configurations, such as pole–bipole AM – N , bipole–pole AM – B and bipole–bipole AM – BN with their multispacing cross‐hole profiling and scanning surveys, are useful for cross‐hole resistivity tomography. These configurations, compared with the pole–pole array, may reduce or eliminate the effect of remote electrodes (systematic error) and yield satisfactory images with 20% noise‐contaminated data. It is also shown that the configurations which have either both current electrodes or both potential electrodes in the same borehole, i.e. pole–bipole A – MN , bipole–pole AB – M and bipole–bipole AB – MN , have a singularity problem in data acquisition, namely low readings of the potential or potential difference in cross‐hole surveying, so that the data are easily obscured by background noise and yield images inferior to those from other configurations.

Electrical Resistivity Tomography

10.1046/j.1365-2478.2000.00220.x

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Citations (166)

Numerical Fréchet derivatives of the displacement tensor for 2.5‐D frequency‐domain seismic full‐waveform inversion in viscoelastic TTI media

Near Surface Geophysics (2023)

Qingjie Yang Bing Zhou Marcus Engsig Moosoo Won Mohamed Kamel Riahi

Abstract Derivatives of the displacement tensor with respect to the independent model parameters of the subsurface, also called Fréchet derivatives (or sensitivity kernels), are a key ingredient for seismic full‐waveform inversion (FWI) with a local‐search optimization algorithm. They provide a quantitative measure of the expected changes in the seismograms due to perturbations of the subsurface model parameters for a given survey geometry. Because 2.5‐D wavefield modelling involves a real point source in a 2‐D geological model with 3‐D (spherical) wave properties, it yields synthetic data much closer to the actual practical field data than the commonly used 2‐D wave simulation does, which uses an unrealistic line‐source in which the waves spread cylindrically. Based on our recently developed general 2.5‐D wavefield modelling scheme, we apply the perturbation method to obtain explicit analytic expressions for the derivatives of the displacement tensor for 2.5‐D/2‐D frequency‐domain seismic FWI in general viscoelastic anisotropic media. We then demonstrate the numerical calculations of all these derivatives in two common cases: (1) viscoelastic isotropic; and (2) viscoelastic tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) solids. Examples of the differing sensitivity patterns for the various derivatives are investigated and compared for four different homogeneous models involving 2‐D and 2.5‐D modelling. Moreover, the numerical results are verified against the analytic solutions for homogeneous models. We further validate the numerical derivatives in a 2‐D heterogeneous viscoelastic TTI case by conducting a synthetic data experiment of frequency‐domain FWI to individually recover the 12 independent model parameters (density, dip angle, 5 elastic moduli and 5 corresponding Q ‐factors) in a simple model comprising an anomalous square box target embedded in a uniform background. Another 2.5‐D multi‐target model experiment presenting impacts from four common seismic surveying geometries validates the Fréchet derivatives again.

Seismogram

Synthetic data

Transverse isotropy

10.1002/nsg.12265

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Citations (2)

A new generalized stiffness reduction method for 2D/2.5D frequency-domain seismic wave modeling in viscoelastic anisotropic media

Geophysics (2020)

Qingjie Yang Bing Zhou Mohamed Kamel Riahi Mohammad Al-Khaleel

In frequency-domain seismic wave modeling, absorbing artificial reflections is crucial to obtain accurate numerical solutions. We have determined that, in viscoelastic anisotropic media (VEAM), the most popular absorbing boundary techniques, such as the perfectly matched layer and the generalized stiffness reduction method (GSRM), fail. Then, we develop a new version of the GSRM and incorporate it into a 2D/2.5D spectral element method. We find with extensive nontrivial numerical experiments that the new GSRM exhibits excellent features of simple and efficient implementation, while handling free-surface and subsurface interface topography. Furthermore, we find that sampling the positive wavenumber range is an efficient strategy to compute the 3D wavefield in arbitrary 2D VEAM, and the new version takes full advantage of the symmetry/antisymmetry of the wavefield. The new GSRM removes artificial reflections by damping the real and imaginary viscoelastic moduli in different ways. The wavefields in two vertically transverse isotropic and one orthorhombic viscoelastic homogeneous models are compared with the corresponding analytical solutions to show the high accuracy performance of the new GSRM. Finally, a complex 2D geologic model with irregular free-surface and subinterface is considered to present the modeling technique and its adaptation capacity for complex 2D VEAM.

Wavenumber

Transverse isotropy

Free surface

10.1190/geo2020-0143.1

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Citations (16)