Fumie Murata

Kōchi University

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Taiichi Hayashi

Kyoto University

Toru Terao

Kagawa University

Masashi Kiguchi

The University of Tokyo

Manabu D. Yamanaka

Jumonji University

Yusuke Yamane

Tokoha Gakuen University

Tien Sribimawati

Information and Communication Technology Agency

Hiroyuki Hashiguchi

Kyoto University

Shuichi Mori

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Jun Matsumoto

Tokyo Metropolitan University

Hiambok Jones Syiemlieh

North Eastern Hill University

Cooperative Institutions

Kyoto University

The University of Tokyo

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology

Hokkaido University

Nagoya University

Tokyo Metropolitan University

Information and Communication Technology Agency

Kyoto Bunkyo University

Meteorological, Climatological, And Geophysical Agency

Kobe University

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Internal Structures of Migratory Cloud Systems with Diurnal Cycle over Sumatera Island during CPEA-I Campaign

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser II (2009)

Namiko Sakurai Masayuki Kawashima Yasushi Fujiyoshi Hiroyuki Hashiguchi Toyoshi Shimomai

There is a diurnal cycle of systematic cloud migration over Sumatera Island, i.e., cloud systems developing in the mountainous area in the afternoon migrate westward and/or eastward for several hundreds of kilometers (about 500 km) from night to morning. The regional characteristics and internal structure of migratory cloud systems with a diurnal cycle over Sumatera Island during CPEA-I were examined using data from an X-band Doppler radar (XDR), a VHF wind pro?ler (Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR)), rawinsondes, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES9).During CPEA-I, the cloud system had a horizontal scale of several hundred kilometers and migrated both westward and eastward over nearly all of Sumatera Island except for the southernmost part. The cloud system migrated only westward over southernmost Sumatera Island during CPEA-I.From a case study on April 17 and 18, 2004, precipitation systems with horizontal scales of several tens of kilometers were observed in a cloud system by XDR, and they migrated in a direction similar to that of the cloud system at a speed of about 3 m s-1, which roughly corresponded to the wind direction and speed in the lower troposphere. Convective precipitation was observed mainly in the forward region of the precipitation systems, and stratiform precipitation was observed in the rearward region. The convective precipitation successively generated new convective cells in front of old convective cells. These results suggest that the migratory mechanism of the precipitation systems is self-replication of convective cells and the advection of background wind in the lower troposphere.

Diurnal cycle

10.2151/jmsj.87.157

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Citations (22)

Relationship between atmospheric conditions at Dhaka, Bangladesh, and rainfall at Cherrapunjee, India

Natural Hazards (2007)

Fumie Murata Toru Terao Taiichi Hayashi Haruhisa Asada Jun Matsumoto

Foothills

10.1007/s11069-007-9125-2

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Citations (40)

Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Diurnal Cycles of Wind and Cloud Activity Observed at Serpong, West Jawa, Indonesia

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser II (2006)

Ryuzo ARAKI Manabu D. Yamanaka Fumie Murata Hiroyuki Hashiguchi Yuichiro Oku

In this paper, the seasonal changes in the diurnal variations of wind and the cloud activity at Serpong (106.7°E, 6.4°S), near Jakarta, are climatologically described. In the dry season (May-October), diurnal variation of wind accompanied with sea-land breeze circulation was prominent. In the rainy season (November-April), the diurnal variation was consistent with sea-land breeze circulation, but was not as clear as that in the dry season. The peak time of the northerly in the rainy season, similarly to that of the sea breezes at Serpong in the low level (below 1.0 km height), was earlier than that in the dry season. The maximum time in the climatological diurnal variation of the surface temperature at Serpong in the rainy season was earlier than that in the dry season. The vertical structure which was consistent with sea breeze circulation was clearer when the prevailing (daily-mean) wind was weaker in the rainy season. These results are consistent with the features of the local circulation; in other words, the local circulation depends on the diurnal variation of surface temperature and is prominent when the prevailing wind is weak. The typical diurnal variation of the wind in the rainy season was unclear when the prevailing northwesterly to westerly was strong around Serpong. Interannual variation of the diurnal variation could be detected in the transitional period from the dry to the rainy season. Cloud activity had prominent diurnal variation over West Jawa in the rainy season and was active in the early evening over land, particularly, in the mountainous area in the south of Serpong. When cloud activity was active over the mountainous area, the northerly below 1.0 km in height was prominent at Serpong, which is consistent with the feature that the development of a local cloud system is accompanied with local circulation.

Wet season

Sea breeze

Diurnal temperature variation

Dry season

Seasonality

Prevailing winds

10.2151/jmsj.84a.171

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Citations (26)

Dry Intrusions Following Eastward-Propagating Synoptic-Scale Cloud Systems over Sumatera Island

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan Ser II (2006)

Fumie Murata Manabu D. Yamanaka Hiroyuki Hashiguchi Shuichi Mori Mahally Kudsy

We observed four dry intrusions that occurred over Sumatera Island (Sumatra) during the intensive rawinsonde observation periods in 1998-2004. The events were accompanied by westerly winds, and included the passage of a single organized synoptic-scale cloud system, with a structure similar to a squall line. The cloud systems had the properties of a Kelvin wave. Eastward propagation speed was around 13 m/s, and the horizontal scale was several thousand kilometers. Severe rain occurred as the cloud systems passed, and dry intrusion suppressed convections in the rear part.

Squall line

Synoptic scale meteorology

10.2151/jmsj.84.277

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Citations (20)

Relationship between rainfall at Cherrapunji, northeast India and anomalous anticyclonic circulation over western North Pacific

Japan Geoscience Union (2018)

Fumie Murata Toru Terao Hatsuki Fujinami Taiichi Hayashi Haruhisa Asada

Anticyclone

Circulation (fluid dynamics)

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Convective rolls in the radar observations under the influence of typhoon PHANFONE

AGUFM (2016)

Fumie Murata Koji SASSA

Typhoon

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Characteristics of Orographic Rain Drop-Size Distribution at Cherrapunji, Northeast India

Atmosphere (2020)

Fumie Murata Toru Terao Kaustav Chakravarty Hiambok Jones Syiemlieh Laitpharlang Cajee

The rain drop size distribution (DSD) at Cherrapunji, Northeast India was observed by a laser optical disdrometer Parsivel 2 from May to October 2017; this town is known for the world’s heaviest orographic rainfall recorded. The disdrometer showed a 30% underestimation of the rainfall amount, compared with a collocated rain gauge. The observed DSD had a number of drops with a mean normalized intercept log 10 N w > 4.0 for all rain rate categories, ranging from <5 to >80 mm h − 1 , comparable to tropical oceanic DSDs. These results differ from those of tropical oceanic DSDs, in that data with a larger N w were confined to the stratiform side of a stratiform/convective separation line proposed by Bringi et al. (2009). A large number of small drops is important for quantitative precipitation estimates by in-situ radar and satellites, because it tends to miss or underestimate precipitation amounts. The large number of small drops, as defined by the second principal component (>+1.5) while using the principal component analysis approach of Dolan et al. (2018), was rare for the pre-monsoon season, but was prevalent during the monsoon season, accounting for 16% (19%) of the accumulated rainfall (precipitation period); it tended to appear over weak active spells or the beginning of active spells of intraseasonal variation during the monsoon season.

Disdrometer

Orographic lift

Orography

Drizzle

Precipitation types

10.3390/atmos11080777

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Citations (22)

Underestimation characteristics of TRMM 2A25 V7 near surface rain over and around the Meghalaya Plateau

Japan Geoscience Union (2017)

Toru Terao Fumie Murata Yusuke Yamane Masashi Kiguchi Azusa Fukushima

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Diurnal Land–Sea Rainfall Peak Migration over Sumatera Island, Indonesian Maritime Continent, Observed by TRMM Satellite and Intensive Rawinsonde Soundings

Monthly Weather Review (2004)

Shuichi Mori Jun-ichi Hamada Yudi Iman Tauhid Manabu D. Yamanaka Noriko Okamoto

The diurnal cycle of rainfall and its regional variation over Sumatera Island, Indonesian Maritime Continent, are examined using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite precipitation radar (PR) and intensive rawinsonde sounding data. The TRMM PR sensor can detect raindrops directly, regardless of ground and cloud conditions, and can distinguish between convective and stratiform types of rainfall. Rainfall variation over this area was found to have the following characteristics: 1) convective rainfall with a broad peak between 1500 and 2000 LT predominates over the land region of Sumatera Island, whereas rainfall in the early morning, composed almost equally of stratiform and convective types, is predominant over the surrounding sea region. 2) A rainfall peak in the daytime and one in the nighttime migrate with time starting from the southwestern coastline of the island into the inland and offshore regions, respectively. The distance of each rainfall peak migration from the coastline is up to 400 km, and the average speed of migration is approximately 10 m s−1. 3) Using intensive rawinsonde sounding data, it was also found that remarkable diurnal variations of wind, humidity, and stability appear in the lower troposphere corresponding to the migrating rainfall peaks over both the inland and the coastal sea regions. The mechanism of the diurnal land–sea rainfall peak migration is discussed comprehensively using TRMM PR, intensive rawinsonde soundings, Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS) data, objective reanalysis, and ground-based observation data. Finally, a crucial difference in rainfall peak migrating mechanisms is suggested between those toward the inland region in the daytime and the offshore region in the nighttime.

10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2021:dlrpmo>2.0.co;2

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Citations (354)

Diurnal Land-Sea Rainfall Peak Migration over Sumatra Island, Indonesian Maritime Continent Observed by TRMM Satellite and Intensive Rawinsonde Soundings

EAEJA (2003)

Shuichi Mori Jun-ichi Hamada Yudi Iman Tauhid Manabu D. Yamanaka Nobuhiko Okamoto

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Citations (21)