The tantulocaridan family Cumoniscidae Nierstrasz & Brender à Brandis, 1923, (type genus: Cumoniscus Bonnier, 1903), is the senior subjective synonym of Deoterthridae Boxshall & Lincoln, 1987 (type genus: Deoterthron Bradford & Hewitt, 1980), as both type genera are considered to belong to the same family-level taxon. Issues regarding the priority of Cumoniscus Bonnier, 1903, over Cumoniscus Bonnier, in Lo Bianco, 1903, are also discussed.
Abstract The epicaridean isopods previously known to have epicaridium larvae with posterior yolk sacs were species of Pleurocryptella Bonnier, 1900 and a new subfamily, Pleurocryptellinae, was recently erected for this genus. Epicaridium larvae bearing posterior yolk sacs are newly reported from two species of the genus Paragigantione Barnard, 1920 which is transferred from Pseudioninae to Pleurocryptelline on the basis of this and other shared characters of adult males and females with species of Pleurocryptella . Two new species of Paragigantione are described, one from the northeast Atlantic based on type material that was misidentified as belonging to the type species of the genus, P . papillosa Barnard, 1920 and a second from off New Zealand. One specimen of the New Zealand species had a cryptoniscus larva of a new species of hyperparasite of the genus Bourdonia Rybakov, 1990 in the marsupium while another had a species of Duplorbis (Rhizocephala); the former is described based on this material as well as a specimen from a specimen of Pseudione cf. fibriata Richardson, 1910 from New Zealand. Keys to species of Paragigantione for both males and females are provided.
This study adds 8 bopyrids to the 5 species previously known from Taiwan. None of the species are new to science, but all are new to the Taiwanese fauna. All of the hosts for the 8 species are new. Four species redescribed herein, Pseudione retrorsa Richardson, Parioninella obovata Shiino, Parapenaeon tertium Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis, and Bopyrus stebbingi Nierstrasz and Brender a Brandis, are reported for the 1st time since their original descriptions, with each representing a substantial range extension. The geographic and depth distributions of 2 additional species, Bopyroides hippolytes (Kroyer) and Athelges takanoshimensis Ishii, are greatly extended. Two new genera are erected for P. obovata and B. stebbingi. Pseudione lenticeps Shiino is synonymized with P. retrorsa, which is transferred to the genus Aporobopyrus Nobili. Parapenaeon coarctatum tuberculata is raised to the level of full species. Identifications of hosts as cited in older literature are updated to current nomenclature.
First Record of Baseodiscus hemprichii (Nemertea: Baseodiscidae) on Easter Island (Rapa Nui) and a New Eastern Distribution Boundary for the Species1 Christopher B. Boyko Abstract A single specimen of the nemertean Baseodiscus hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1831) was collected from Easter Island during August 1999. This represents the first record of the species on Easter Island, the first identified nemertean from that island, and extends the eastern boundary of the species' range by approximately 4800 km. The small South Pacific landmass of Easter Island, or Rapa Nui, is situated nearly 3800 km from the South American mainland and over 2200 km from Pitcairn Island, its nearest neighbor to the west. All of the marine fauna shows affinities to the Indo-Pacific, although the water temperatures of 17.5-24°C are relatively cool (DiSalvo et al. 1988). All available data indicate that the marine invertebrate fauna of Easter Island is depauperate compared with other islands of the tropical Pacific (Rehder 1980, Massin 1996), but it has a high percentage of endemic taxa (e.g., 36% for Mollusca, 39% for Porifera [unpubl. data]). It is therefore considered its own biogeographic province along with tiny Sala y Gômez, 415 km to the east (Briggs 1974). On Easter Island, however, specimens of only eight invertebrate phyla have been identified to the species level to date. A single specimen of nemertean was collected during August 1999 as part of an invertebrate survey of Easter Island. It was subsequently readily identified as Baseodiscus hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1831) on the basis of its distinctive color pattern. This represents not only the first record of the species on Easter Island, but extends the eastern boundary of the species' range by approximately 4800 km. Although nemerteans have been recorded as occurring on Easter Island (DiSalvo et al. 1988), this is the first identification of any specimen to the species level. The specimen is deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH). Family BASEODISCIDAE Bürger, 1907 Genus Baseodiscus Diesing, 1850 Baseodiscus hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1831) Figure 1 Nemertes Hemprichii Ehrenberg, 1831:12-13. Baseodiscus hemprichii: Gibson, 1979:146-153 (synonymy). Material Examined: Under lava boulder, intertidal zone, Anakena, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), Chile, 30 August 1999, coll. C. B. Boyko and S. Reanier: 1 specimen, 25 cm length (AMNH 1512). Distribution: This species has a broad Indo-Pacific distribution and is known from the Red Sea to the Hawaiian Islands. This range is now extended southeastward to Easter Island. Remarks: The Easter Island specimen had a white ground color with a single median stripe of purple along the dorsal margin [End Page 41] and a similar but thinner stripe along the ventral margin. The dorsal stripe forms a collar just posterior to the head and there is an additional incomplete band of purple on the dorsal cephalic surface. The Easter Island specimen most closely resembles one figured by Gibson (1979: fig. 5d) in terms of color pattern. Although some variability in color exists in this species, Gibson (1979) maintained that this taxon could be unambiguously identified by the color pattern alone. This species, like most other Baseodiscus, has a weakly developed proboscis (Gibson 1979). Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Specimen of Baseodiscus hemprichii (Ehrenberg, 1831) from Anakena, Easter Island (Rapa Nui), 25 cm length (AMNH 1512). Dorsal view. Drawing from color transparency deposited in AMNH. Although some authors (DiSalvo et al. 1988) have suggested that species known only from single specimens on Easter Island may occur as chance dispersals from western populations, the data available on the prevailing unidirectional east-west ocean current flow appear to refute the likelihood of this happening frequently (Rehder 1980, Massin 1996). More likely, these "rare" taxa are actually living in low-density established populations or in unexplored habitats. Indeed, the locality data for the specimen of B. hemprichii support this, because it was collected from the underside of a large lava boulder in the intertidal zone that was positioned in a way that made overturning it relatively simple. Most similarly sized rocks are too heavy to move and examine the lower surfaces, where the highest concentration of invertebrate fauna reside. Baseodiscus hemprichii is probably well...
A putative new species of tantulocaridan is reported parasitizing a species of typhlotanaid (Tanaideacea) from the Gulf of Mexico at depths up to 2767 m. The tantulocaridan belongs to Microdajus Greve, 1965, species of which are all known from tanaid hosts in the superfamily Paratanoidea. Tantulocaridan samples included newly settled tantulus larvae, early stages of trunk development and developing males; parasites were found attached to anterior appendages (antennules and pereopods) or bodies of hosts. This material likely represents a new species but the condition and number of available specimens precludes a formal description. The putative new species is most similar to Microdajus aporosus Grygier and Sieg, 1988 and Microdajus tchesunovi Kolbasov and Savchenko, 2010 in having an endopodal seta on each of the sixth thoracopods (lacking in other species). Microdajus tchesunovi is the only described species of Microdajus with males bearing unsegmented sixth thoracopod protopods; this character is also found on the present specimens. Males of the newly reported tantulocaridan can be distinguished from those of M. tchesunovi based on protopod 1-5 morphology and setation of the pits on the cephalothorax (fewer setae in males of the western Atlantic specimens compared to M. tchesunovi). This is the first species of Microdajus reported from the western Atlantic and the first tantulocaridan known from the Gulf of Mexico or northwestern Atlantic.
Newly discovered fossils from Eocene rocks of the Quimper Sandstone, Washington, USA, constitute the first reported occurrence of the albuneid genus Lophomastix Benedict, 1904, in the fossil record. Lophomastix and the closely related genus Blepharipoda Randall, 1839, are thought to be basal taxa within the decapod family Albuneidae Stimpson, 1858, based upon possession of primitive trichobranch gill structures. The occurrence of Lophomastix antiqua new species in Eocene deposits indicates that the genus is at least as old as the more derived genus, Albunea Weber, 1795, as would be expected for the basal taxon within the family. Based upon examination of type material, Blepharipoda brucei Rathbun, 1926, is herein removed from that genus and placed within the Paguroidea as Pagurus brucei (Rathbun, 1926) new combination.