K. A. McCormick

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

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Colin J. Paterson

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

K. Keil

BC Centre for Disease Control

Andrew M. McDonald

Laurentian University

R. A. F. Grieve

Western University

Kevin R. Chamberlain

University of Wyoming

P. D. Spudis

Lunar and Planetary Institute

G. Ryder

Lunar and Planetary Institute

G. J. Taylor

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

Kelly H. Liu

Missouri University of Science and Technology

Peter S. Dahl

Kent State University

Cooperative Institutions

South Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Laurentian University

Planetary Science Institute

University of California, Los Angeles

University of Toronto

Missouri University of Science and Technology

University of British Columbia

University of Missouri

University of Bayreuth

University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa

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THE ORIGIN OF JAMES RIDGE, YANKTON COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA

Gary D. Johnson K. A. McCormick

James Ridge is adjacent to and sub-parallel to the James River near its mouth at the Missouri River in southeastern South Dakota. The Missouri River paral lels the margin of the last Pleistocene glacial advance. Unlike Turkey Ridge and Yankton Ridge, also in Yankton County, James Ridge does not have a bedrock core. Instead, it is cored by a thick (60-120m) deposit of sand and gravel resting on a glacially-eroded surface of Carlile Shale (Upper Cretaceous), and covered in places by late Wisconsin oxidized till, but mostly by collapsed debris. The probable age of the core sediments is pre-Wisconsin. There is substantial sub surface evidence for three pre-Wisconsin till sheets in Yankton County. The core of James Ridge was probably emplaced during the third pre-Wisconsin glaciation by thrusting of frozen blocks of sand and gravel from at least the last two pre-Wisconsin outwash units. Also present in the core are at least two blocks of Niobrara chalk, one of which is >40m thick, suspended in the sand and gravel. The present-day elongate shape of James Ridge parallels the late Wisconsin ice flow direction, likely reflecting considerable modification in geometry by glacial erosion. The surface topography of James Ridge shows evidence of meltwater drainage and collapsing of debris from the ice during glacial retreat. However, before the ice retreated, its axis was breached by Beaver Creek, then a meltwater channel, but now a sometimes intermittent stream.

Outwash plain

Meltwater

Bedrock

Escarpment

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A NEW U–PB BADDELEYITE CRYSTALLIZATION AGE OF A CORSON DIABASE SILL AT THE TYPE LOCALITY, EASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA, U.S.A. SUGGESTS WIDESPREAD, EARLY, CA. 1140 MA PHASE OF MID-CONTINENT RIFT MAGMATISM

Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America (2020)

K. A. McCormick Kevin R. Chamberlain Colin J. Paterson

Baddeleyite

Sill

Type locality

10.1130/abs/2020am-355848

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Citations (1)

Chlorine and Alkali Geochemical Halos in the Footwall Brecciaand Sublayer Norite at the Margin of the Strathcona Embayment, SudburyStructure, Ontario

Economic Geology (2002)

K. A. McCormick C. Michael Lesher Andrew M. McDonald J. S. Fedorowich R. S. James

The Ni-Cu-platinum-group element ores in the sublayer and footwall breccia of the Sudbury structure have distinctive geochemical halos. In the Fraser mine, F/Cl ratios of the sublayer rocks appear to decrease, Na2O/K2O ratios of the footwall breccia samples decrease, and Cl in both units increases with proximity to mineralization. These halos are interpreted to result from interaction of residual magmatic fluids with host rocks, which altered the host-rock mineralogy and precipitated Cl-bearing minerals. The results of this study, together with the results of previous studies, suggest that most ores at Sudbury, including sublayer- and footwall breccia-hosted contact ores and Sudbury breccia-hosted footwall ores, are surrounded by Cl and possibly alkali halos and that these geochemical signatures may be used to identify rocks that are proximal to mineralization.

Norite

Margin (machine learning)

Alkali feldspar

10.2113/gsecongeo.97.7.1509

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U–Pb baddeleyite crystallization age for a Corson diabase intrusion: possible Midcontinent Rift magmatism in eastern South Dakota

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2017)

K. A. McCormick Kevin R. Chamberlain Colin J. Paterson

The largely buried basement of the northern Great Plains includes suture zones and terrane boundaries that represent a significant part of the growth of Laurentia in the Proterozoic. Basement exposures in this region east of the Black Hills are rare. In southeastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, northeastern Nebraska, and northwestern Iowa, small outcrops of the Proterozoic Sioux Quartzite occur. In southeastern South Dakota, Corson diabase sills or dykes have intruded the quartzite. U–Pb ID–TIMS baddeleyite data from a Corson diabase sample yield an upper intercept date of 1149.4 ± 7.3 Ma, suggesting the diabase is related temporally to the Midcontinent Rift (MCR). The similarity in age of this diabase to the Inspiration sill, Pigeon River, Kipling, and Abitibi dykes suggests that early Midcontinent Rift development was not localized within the Nipigon Embayment, but extended along a roughly east–northeast zone from the Abitibi dykes to the Corson diabase. The presence of the Corson intrusions 250 km west of the MCR is hypothesized to represent a failed rift arm within the Superior craton. The greater strength of the Superior craton relative to lithosphere south of the Spirit Lake tectonic zone resulted in a shift of the southwestern rift arm in southern Minnesota along the Belle Plaine fault southeastward to the Iowa border. Alternatively, the apparent northeast trend of known occurrences of the Corson diabase is also consistent with a mantle plume centre explanation for early Midcontinent rifting.

Laurentia

Baddeleyite

Sill

Geochronology

Basement

Large igneous province

10.1139/cjes-2017-0140

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Citations (11)

The formation of silicic magmas on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Chile; a solidification front product

K. A. McCormick B. D. Marsh

Silicic

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A 3D MODEL AND STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF THE TERRY COMPLEX OPEN PIT MINERALIZATION AT MARIGOLD MINE, HUMBOLDT COUNTY, NEVADA

Abstracts with programs - Geological Society of America (2016)

Anthony M. Gesualdo Zeynep Baran Alvis L. Lisenbee Colin J. Paterson K. A. McCormick

Open Pit Mining

10.1130/abs/2016rm-276061

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Sources of Clasts in Impact Melts

Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1988)

K. A. McCormick G. J. Taylor K. Keil P. D. Spudis R. A. F. Grieve

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Precambrian Basement Terrane of South Dakota

K. A. McCormick

Basement

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Citations (4)

Sources of mineral fragments in impact melts 15445 and 15455: toward the origin of low-K Fra Mauro basalt.

Proceedings of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1991)

P. D. Spudis G. Ryder G. J. Taylor K. A. McCormick K. Keil

The compositions of major and minor elements in mineral clasts in low-K Fra Mauro (LKFM) are studied in order to gain a deeper understanding of the genesis of LKFM and its primogenitors. The fragments are picked up as the impact melt moves outward from the center of the target. It is suggested that most of the mineral debris found in the melts is derived from troctolites of the Mg-suite. The chemical end member that dominates the LKFM melt matrics is not present as either mineral or lithic clastic debris in these melt rocks. It is proposed that the missing chemical component of LKFM could have been a magma, existing within the crust 3.9 Ga ago, and was either ejected intact to form LKFM melt rocks or was mixed with other shock-melted crusted and mantle rocks to produce the LKFM compositions. Assimilation of lithic and mineral clasts into the melt after breccian assembly is not a significant process and cannot be adduced to explain the LKFM melt/clast dichotomy.

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CHLORINE.BEARING AMPHIBOLES FROM THE FRASER MINE, SUDBURY, ONTARIO, CANADA: DESCRIPTION AND CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY

The Canadian Mineralogist (1999)

K. A. McCormick Andrew M. McDonald

Three chemically distinct populations of Cl-bearing amphibole have been recognized in association with contact Ni-Cu ore deposits in Footwall Breccia at the Fraser mine, Sudbury, Ontario The fnst population, defined as halogen-poor ( 700 ppm) and F (2500 ppm). These rocks thus may have been a significant contributor to the fluids.

Amphibole

Breccia

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Citations (35)