Details of the Late Cretaceous–Cenozoic migration of the Australian continent have been sources of contention since the 1960s. Two types of apparent polar wander paths (APWPs) have emerged from previous paleomagnetic studies: one group based on sedimentary and lateritic data that includes relatively linear northward motion of Australia away from Antarctica, and a second group, based on basaltic and lateritic data, that includes significant longitudinal movement of the Australian continent. This study compares the migration and evolution of the Australian plate over the past 100 m.y. using these two competing paths. Our animated reconstructions illustrate the relative motion of the Australian plate, the formation of Cenozoic volcanic provinces in eastern Australia, the opening of the Coral and Tasman Seas, and the docking of the Ontong Java Plateau with the Solomon Islands. The reconstructions incorporate new 40Ar/39Ar and previously published geochronology data from Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic east Australian mafic to felsic volcanism in order to evaluate potential relationships between volcanism, changes in the motion of the Australian plate, and the opening of the Tasman and Coral Seas. We conclude that the APWP that includes significant longitudinal movement is more compatible than the linear path with both observable geological features (such as volcanic tracks) and the global moving hotspot reference frame. Our reconstructions reveal little correspondence between opening of the Tasman and Coral Seas and eruption of east Australian lava fields. However, the reconstructions and new 40Ar/39Ar geochronology illustrate that the formation of east Australian Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic central volcanoes and lava fields were closely linked, both temporally and spatially, and we suggest that edge-driven convection was an important process in the generation of both types of east Australian volcanic provinces.
Compression of a Co( ii ) metal–organic framework, ZIF-67, to gigapascal pressures demonstrated gate-opening behaviour at different pressures in methanol/ethanol and N 2 . N 2 adsorption also elicited a blue to purple colour transition.
Gut-associated microbial communities are known to play a vital role in the health and fitness of their hosts. Though studies investigating the factors associated with among-individual variation in microbiome structure in wild animal species are increasing, knowledge of this variation at the individual level is scarce, despite the clear link between microbiome and nutritional status uncovered in humans and model organisms. Here, we combine detailed observational data on life history and foraging preference with 16S rRNA profiling of the faecal microbiome to investigate the relationship between diet, microbiome stability and rates of body mass gain in a migratory capital-breeding bird, the light-bellied Brent goose (
This paper reports an experimental investigation into the desulfurization of a spent tire pyrolysis oil and its distillate using a combined catalytic oxidative and selective adsorption method. The oxidative desulfurization (ODS) experiments were carried out in a batch reactor using H2O2-formic acid as oxidant. The effect of reaction temperature, time, and oil to H2O2-formic acid ratio on the percentage of sulfur removal was studied. The oil samples after ODS were treated using Al2O3 as an adsorbent in a batch reactor at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. The oil samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for sulfur content and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescent detection for chemical compositions and sulfur species. The ODS successfully converted the sulfur compounds to sulfoxides and sulfones but exhibited only moderate sulfur removal efficiency because sulfoxides and sulfones were dissolved in the oil and cannot be easily extracted by water. Al2O3 was effective in adsorbing sulfoxides and sulfones. A maximum of 81 and 84% sulfur removal were achieved for the raw pyrolysis oil and distillate, respectively, using combined ODS and Al2O3 adsorption. After three desulfurization cycles, the sulfur adsorption capacity of Al2O3 decreased from 0.31 to 0.22 mg S g–1 Al2O3, still exhibiting high sulfur removal ability.
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