Jesús Zarcero

Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes

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Adrià Antich

Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research

Inés Castejón‐Silvo

Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies

Ina Csenteri

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Yoana Del‐Pilar‐Ruso

University of Alicante

Xavier Turón

Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes

Fiona Tomàs

Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies

Fernando Espino

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Creu Palacín

Institut de Biologia Evolutiva

Yolanda Fernández‐Torquemada

University of Alicante

Gabriele Procaccini

Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn

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Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes

Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria

Universitat de Barcelona

Universitat de les Illes Balears

University of Alicante

Institut de Biologia Evolutiva

Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies

Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas

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Biogeographical scenarios modulate seagrass resistance to small‐scale perturbations

Journal of Ecology (2018)

Fernando Tuya Yolanda Fernández‐Torquemada Jesús Zarcero Yoana Del‐Pilar‐Ruso Ina Csenteri

Abstract Seagrasses constitute a key coastal habitat world‐wide, but are exposed to multiple perturbations. Understanding elements affecting seagrass resistance to disturbances is critical for conservation. Distinct biogeographical scenarios are intrinsically linked with varying ecological and evolution backgrounds shaped across millennia. We addressed whether the resistance (change in shoot abundances) and performance (change in leaf morphology and growth) of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa to a local stressor, light reduction, varied across three regions (Southeast Iberia, the Balearic Sea, and the Canaries) within the temperate northern Atlantic realm. We hypothesized that distinct biogeographical scenarios, in terms of distinct ecological/environmental conditions and genetic diversity of meadows, would affect seagrass resistance and performance, with flow‐on effects on associated epifauna. The same experiments, in terms of shading intensities, timing and duration, were replicated at three seagrass meadows within each region. Results demonstrated inter‐regional variation in the resistance and performance of C. nodosa . Under moderate and high shading, shoot abundance was abruptly decreased, relative to controls, in the Canaries with concurrent, but less accentuated, changes in leaf morphology and no changes in growth. In the other two regions, however, moderate and high shading had a negligible effect on shoot abundance, leaf morphology, and growth. Shading had no overall effect over the total abundance and assemblage structure of epifauna; these faunal attributes, however, varied between regions. Low seagrass resistance at the Canaries is linked with the peripheral distribution of the species there, favouring isolation and decreased genetic diversity. Synthesis . Different biogeographical scenarios shape seagrass resistance to local perturbations. From a conservation perspective, if resistance differs among biogeographical scenarios, universal conservation rules for seagrasses are challenging.

10.1111/1365-2745.13114

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Metabarcoding reveals high‐resolution biogeographical and metaphylogeographical patterns through marine barriers

Journal of Biogeography (2022)

Adrià Antich Creu Palacín Jesús Zarcero Owen S. Wangensteen Xavier Turón

Abstract Aim It has been predicted that there should be concordance between biogeographical and phylogeographical processes structuring multi‐species regional assemblages. We hypothesise that oceanographic barriers in the marine environment affect concomitantly the distribution and the connectivity of the marine biota, thus producing congruent biogeographical and phylogeographical structures. We also predict that macro‐ and meio‐eukaryotes will be differentially affected by hydrological features. Location The Atlanto‐Mediterranean transition along the E Iberian coast marked by the Almeria‐Oran Front (AOF) and the Ibiza Channel hydrological discontinuities. Taxon Eukaryotes. Methods A new analytical framework based in the metabarcoding of community DNA and a hypervariable marker is presented. This framework allows the simultaneous detection of multispecies biogeographical and phylogeographical structures. Shallow hard‐bottom communities were sampled at 12 sites over the littoral zone and community‐DNA metabarcoding was performed using the cytochrome c oxidase I marker. The resulting dataset was analysed at several levels: beta diversity of Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) as surrogate for species, and Exact Sequence Variants as surrogate for haplotypes. We also assessed genetic differentiation within MOTUs (metaphylogeography). Analyses were performed for the combined dataset and separately for macro‐ and meio‐eukaryotes. Results Both hydrological discontinuities had a detectable effect, more marked at all levels for the AOF than for the Ibiza Channel. The MOTU dataset provided more clear‐cut patterns than the ESVs. The metaphylogeographical approach provided the highest resolution in terms of differentiating localities and identifying geographical barriers. The separate analyses of macro‐ and meio‐eukaryotes showed a higher differentiation of the latter, both in terms of beta diversity and genetic differentiation. Main Conclusions Metabarcoding coupled with metaphylogeography allowed the characterisation of the heterogeneity in community composition and population genetic structure along the Atlanto‐Mediterranean transition, coherent with known hydrological discontinuities. This methodology unlocks a vast amount of information on the geographical distribution of different components of biodiversity for basic and applied research.

10.1111/jbi.14548

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