Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

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David Escobedo‐Zenil

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava

Centro Universitario de Coatzacoalcos

Jose Antonio Martinez-Gonzalez

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

José Piña‐Flores

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

José Alberto Martínez-González

Universidad de La Laguna

Thalía A Reyes-Pimentel

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Armando Carrillo-Vargas

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Martín Carlos Vidal‐García

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

José A. Martínez‐González

Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí

Cooperative Institutions

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Instituto Nacional de Patrimonio Cultural

Universidad Autónoma Monterrey

National Institute of Anthropology and History

Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory

Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí

Polytechnic University of San Luis Potosí

University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana

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Ambient seismic noise tomography to build up a 3D shear-wave velocity model

Ingeniería Investigación y Tecnología (2021)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto José Piña‐Flores David Escobedo‐Zenil Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez Jose Antonio Martinez-Gonzalez

To explore the usefulness of the ambient seismic noise tomography method for characterizing the subsoil surface structure, in this study, we apply this method to contribute to geotechnical decision-making in the construction of a school building. We used a rectangular array (36x56 m) of 48-4.5 Hz vertical geophones and produce surface wave tomographies from the travel times of Rayleigh waves extracted by cross-correlation of seismic noise. We determined a final 3D Vs model using 1D models derived from the inversion of dispersion curves obtained from the tomography maps for different frequencies. The 3D model shows an excellent resolution (vertical and lateral); we observe critical velocity contrasts in the range of 2 to 15 m deep. At depths higher than 15 m, the velocity has values close to 900 m/s; however, we observe a low-velocity anomaly associated with a lava tube or crack that seems to continue under an adjacent building.

Geophone

Ambient noise level

Seismic Noise

Rayleigh Wave

Seismic Tomography

10.22201/fi.25940732e.2021.22.2.009

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A combination of seismic refraction and ambient noise methods to detect landslide-prone materials

Geofísica Internacional (2024)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez José Antonio Martínez-González David Escobedo‐Zenil Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava

A portion of the west of Mexico City is densely populated in an abrupt topography, whose volcano-sedimentary materials increase the likelihood of landslides. We exploited the geometry of a quadrangular geophones array to apply Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) and Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) methods and explore the extent of landslide-prone materials. The results show low-velocity areas (Vs < 100 m/s, being Vs group velocities) associated with materials that have lost their resistance due to the increase in pore pressure and the places where eventually, more landslides will occur (120 < Vs < 200 m/s) if mitigation work is not carried out. The most stable zones correspond to materials with velocity values greater than 250 m/s that overlap a bedrock at an average depth of 8 m. Thus, when it is not advisable to perform active source experiments, ANT can provide practical results to determine the extension of the sliding materials.

Ambient noise level

Seismic Noise

Seismic refraction

10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2024.63.3.1585

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Seismic refraction and ambient noise methods to explore the extension of soft materials in a landslide

Authorea (Authorea) (2022)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez José Alberto Martínez-González David Escobedo‐Zenil Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava

A portion of the west of Mexico City is a densely populated area located in an abrupt topography, whose volcano-sedimentary materials increase the likelihood of landslides. This study uses Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) and Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) methods to estimate the extent of landslide-prone materials at a test site. We exploited the geometry of a quadrangular array of surface sources and receivers to generate a Vp tomography image of the bedrock and surface-wave group-velocity tomographies of SRTand ANT in the frequency range of 6 to 26 Hz. We found that the best velocities correlation between the two methods is an average frequency of 24 Hz. The results show the areas of low velocity associated with materials that have lost their resistance due to the increase in pore pressure (Vs < 100 m/s) and the areas where eventually more landslides will occur (120 < Vs < 200 m/s) if mitigation work is not carried out. The most stable zones correspond to materials with velocity values greater than 250 m/s that overlap a substratum at an average depth of 8 m. In the case of a high risk of landslide, when it is not advisable to perform active source experiments, ANT can provide good results to determine the extension of the sliding materials.

Bedrock

Seismic refraction

Ambient noise level

Seismic Noise

10.22541/au.165939997.72580437/v2

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Seismic refraction and ambient noise methods to explore the extension of soft materials in a landslide

Authorea (Authorea) (2022)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez José Alberto Martínez-González David Escobedo‐Zenil Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava

Bedrock

Seismic refraction

Ambient noise level

Seismic Noise

10.22541/au.165939997.72580437/v1

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Identificación de la respuesta sísmica en pirámides del área de Chichén Itzá para preservar el patrimonio cultural

Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana (2024)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez José A. Martínez‐González David Escobedo‐Zenil Osiris Sandoval-Quintana

Analizamos la respuesta sísmica de tres estructuras arqueológicas de la zona Chichén Itzá a fin de proveer elementos que permitan dar seguimiento a su preservación. Realizamos medidas de ruido sísmico ambiental con sismógrafos triaxiales de banda ancha por un periodo de tres días para cuantificar las frecuencias de vibración de los edificios de Las Monjas, El Caracol, y El Castillo o Pirámide de Kukulkán mediante cocientes espectrales HVSR. Los resultados muestran que en El Caracol predomina la frecuencia del suelo en 1.3 Hz. Sin embargo, en los edificios Las Monjas y El Castillo observamos una frecuencia fundamental de vibrar de 5.1 Hz con una amplificación relativa alrededor de 6. Este resultado muestra que estas dos pirámides se comportan como una capa de suelo sobre un estrato rígido. En el caso de El Castillo, el registro de ruido en un sismógrafo en su base permite observar un efecto de interacción cinemática debido a la diferencia de rigidez entre el suelo y la estructura. No observamos algún efecto direccional en los cocientes HVSR debido a la anisotropía interna de las pirámides. La estimación de la velocidad de corte es de 255 m/s (considerando que la respuesta sísmica es de origen topográfico, es decir, debido a que la pirámide representa una irregularidad en la superficie del suelo). Esta velocidad corresponde a materiales poco compactos que descansan sobre calizas competentes con velocidad mayores a 1000 m/s, materiales que son susceptibles a sufrir cambios de esfuerzos que eventualmente puede llevar a un deterioro estructural. Los hallazgos de este estudio sugieren que es necesario un seguimiento e instrumentación continua de los niveles inferiores para evaluar la influencia de las subestructuras durante las etapas preconstructivas y determinar si existen otros efectos debido a la naturaleza kárstica del subsuelo.

10.18268/bsgm2024v76n2a020324

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Detecting Underground Mines by Seismic Noise Autocorrelation and Geophysical Methods

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez Jose Antonio Martinez-Gonzalez Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava David Escobedo‐Zenil

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v2]Detecting Underground Mines by Seismic Noise Autocorrelation and Geophysical MethodsAuthorsMartínCárdenas-SotoiDJesúsSánchez-GónzalezJoséMartínez-GonzáleziDGerardoCIFUENTES-NAVAiDDavidZenilSee all authors Martín Cárdenas-SotoiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-469Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJesús Sánchez-GónzalezNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJosé Martínez-GonzáleziDNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2575view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressGerardo CIFUENTES-NAVAiDUNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICOiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-3457view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDavid ZenilNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address

10.1002/essoar.10509164.2

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Seismic site characterization using seismic noise-based methods

Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2000 (2021)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto R. Sánchez-Cruz José Piña‐Flores David Escobedo‐Zenil Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez

In order to provide elements for geotechnical decisions in the construction of a school building, we explored the subsoil structure through a 3D velocity model built by ambient seismic noise techniques. First, working with noise cross-correlations, we built a 3D-Vs structure using 1D-Vs models derived from the inversion of dispersion curves extracted from the tomography maps for several frequencies. Second, we validated this model with the results from the joint inversion of dispersion curves estimated from the SPAC and the HVSR functions. The 3D model shows an excellent resolution (vertical and lateral). The bedrock could be observed in depths higher than 12 m. The model gave us evidence of a low-velocity anomaly associated with a lava tube or crack that penetrates under an adjacent building.

Seismic Noise

Vertical seismic profile

10.4133/sageep.33-007

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Seismic Response Study Around the Bridge of the Lions, Chapultepec Forest, México City

Annals of Geophysics (2025)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto David Escobedo‐Zenil Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez Martín Carlos Vidal‐García

The Bridge of the Lions, with its straps resting on two artificial slopes, serves as a pedestrian walkway for hundreds of Mexico City residents who visit the Chapultepec Forest daily. Ambient seismic noise results let us explain the bridge deterioration, a direct result of the local terrain subsidence. The site frequency, measured in the free field (1.14 Hz), matches the estimate on the bridge straps, indicating that the strap depth does not reach the firm layer. At 1.72 Hz, the bridge vibrates more vertically. This frequency is close to site frequency, suggesting soil-structure interaction effects. Also, the rotating analysis of HVSR functions in the bridge straps revealed a second peak of 1.64 Hz caused by vibration from the Av. Circuito Interior vehicle flow. The spectral analysis of virtual source sections obtained by the seismic Interferometry technique reveals that superficial materials have velocities similar to soft clays in the lake area (Vs < 150 m/s). A second layer of poorly consolidated clays (Vs 350 m/s) with significant lateral variation indicates that subsidence around the bridge is causing significant damage to the structure. According to this study, soil‑structure interaction effects are present, as the bridge foundations likely do not penetrate the most competent deep strata. This suggests that additional inquiry is necessary to assess the static and seismic response of the bridge.

Bridge (graph theory)

10.4401/ag-9126

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Detecting Underground Mines by Seismic Noise Autocorrelation and Geophysical Methods

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez Jose Antonio Martinez-Gonzalez Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava David Escobedo‐Zenil

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing an older version [v1]Go to new versionDetecting Underground Mines by Seismic Noise Autocorrelation and Geophysical MethodsAuthorsMartínCárdenas-SotoiDJesúsSánchez-GónzalezJoséMartínez-GonzáleziDGerardoCIFUENTES-NAVAiDDavidZenilSee all authors Martín Cárdenas-SotoiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-469Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJesús Sánchez-GónzalezNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJosé Martínez-GonzáleziDNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)iDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2575view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressGerardo CIFUENTES-NAVAiDUNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICOiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-3457view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDavid ZenilNational Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address

10.1002/essoar.10509164.1

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GEOPHYSICAL SUBSOIL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HOUSING UNIT SHAKEN BY THE EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 19, 2017 (MW 7.1)

Martín Cárdenas‐Soto Jesús Sánchez-Gónzalez Jose Antonio Martinez-Gonzalez Gerardo Cifuentes‐Nava David Escobedo‐Zenil

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]GEOPHYSICAL SUBSOIL CHARACTERIZATION OF A HOUSING UNIT SHAKEN BY THE EARTHQUAKE OF SEPTEMBER 19, 2017 (MW 7.1)AuthorsMartínCárdenas-SotoiDJesúsSánchez-GonzálezJose AntonioMartinez-GonzaleziDGerardoCifuentes-NavaiDDavidEscobedo ZenilSee all authors Martín Cárdenas-SotoiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorNational Autonomous University of Mexico, Geophysical EngineeringiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6586-469Xview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJesús Sánchez-GonzálezNational Autonomous University of MexicoGeophysical Engineeringview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJose Antonio Martinez-GonzaleziDNational Autonomous University of Mexico, Geophysical EngineeringiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2224-2575view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressGerardo Cifuentes-NavaiDNational Autonomous University of MexicoInstituto de Geo�físicaiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6848-3457view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressDavid Escobedo ZenilNational Autonomous University of MexicoGeophysical Engineeringview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address

Subsoil

10.1002/essoar.10505055.1

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