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Fiona K. M. Reiser

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

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Álvaro M. Pinto

University of Lisbon

Diogo Rosa

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

João R. S. Carvalho

Instituto de Soldadura e Qualidade

Daniel de Oliveira

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

João Xavier Matos

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

L.C. Alves

University of Lisbon

Teresa Silva

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Carlos Rosa

University of Lisbon

M. O. Figueiredo

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

Francisco Eduardo Gontijo Guimarães

Universidade Federal de São Carlos

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University of Lisbon

National Laboratory of Energy and Geology

National Institute of Engineering, Technology and Innovation

Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa

Instituto Geológico

Instituto Superior Técnico

Instituto Dom Luiz

Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais

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Mineralogy and geochemistry of tin- and germanium-bearing copper ore, Barrigão re-mobilized vein deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

International Geology Review (2010)

Fiona K. M. Reiser Diogo Rosa Álvaro M. Pinto João R. S. Carvalho João Xavier Matos

The Barrigão re-mobilized copper vein deposit, Iberian Pyrite Belt, southern Portugal, is located about 60 km south of Beja and 10 km southeast of the Neves Corvo ore deposit, in Alentejo Province. The deposit is structurally associated with a NE–SW striking fault zone inferred to have developed during late Variscan deformation. The copper ore itself is a breccia-type ore, characterized by up to four ore-forming stages, with the late stages showing evidence of fluid-driven element re-mobilization. The ore is dominated by chalcopyrite + tennantite-tetrahedrite, with minor arsenopyrite, pyrite, and löllingite. The supergene paragenesis is composed mainly of bornite, covellite, and digenite. Whole-rock analyses show anomalous tin and germanium contents, with averages of 320 and 61 ppm, respectively. Electron microprobe analysis of Barrigão ores revealed the germanium and tin to be restricted to chalcopyrite, which underwent late-stage hydrothermal fluid overprint along distinct vein-like zones. The measured zonal enrichment of tin and germanium is related to limited element re-mobilization associated with mineral replacement, which resulted in distinctive mineral disequilibrium. Fluid-driven element zoning affected chalcopyrite and tennantite coevally. The average contents of germanium and tin in chalcopyrite are of 0.19 and 0.55 wt.%, respectively, as confirmed through additional micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (micro-PIXE) analysis. The distribution of tin and germanium in chalcopyrite correlates strongly with iron. Tin and germanium covary. Minute sub-microscopic inclusions of an unknown Cu–Sn–Ge sulphide phase have been detected in chalcopyrite and in small vugs therein. These inclusions hint at a stanniferous sulphide as the most possible host for tin and germanium in chalcopyrite, although the idea of limited incorporation of these two elements through element substitution cannot be completely excluded.

Bornite

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10.1080/00206811003683168

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The Lagoa Salgada Orebody, Iberian Pyrite Belt, Portugal

Economic Geology (2011)

Daniel de Oliveira João Xavier Matos Carlos Rosa Diogo Rosa M. O. Figueiredo

The Iberian Pyrite Belt is one of the most outstanding European ore provinces and hosts one of the largest concentrations of massive sulfide deposits today, totaling 1,850 million metric tons (Mt) in more than 90 deposits. Lagoa Salgada is a small orebody (estimated to have at least 4 Mt) and, as yet, an unexploited orebody found within this ore province. It is located 80 km northwest of Neves Corvo and occurs ~130 m beneath sediments of the Sado Tertiary basin, limiting interpretation to drill hole data. Lagoa Salgada is folded, faulted, and interpreted to occur mostly on the subvertical-overturned and intensely faulted limb of a southwest-verging anticline. It is represented by a central stockwork zone and a massive sulfide lens zone in the northwestern part of the orebody. Mineralization is mainly composed of pyrite with minor sphalerite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, stannite, and supergene minerals. The orebody is hosted by a volcanic succession of rhyodacitic composition. These small orebodies and some of the other abandoned mines within the Iberian Pyrite Belt may represent interesting and feasible mining projects as a result of the added value generated by the presence of trace metals, such as In, serving a significant future demand for the high-tech industry. Lagoa Salgada is one such case. Indium is a significant trace metal in the ores of Lagoa Salgada as indicated by whole-rock analyses. This element is preferentially contained by sphalerite. Electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) of In contents within sphalerite show a large variability, ranging from below detection limits to an obtained maximum of 0.8 percent In. Discrete inclusions of In-bearing minerals have not been observed, thus favoring the idea that In occurs either dispersed or in nanodomains within the host mineral.

10.2113/econgeo.106.7.1111

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