Luciana Bonatto

University of La Serena

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Claudia Piromallo

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Martín Schimmel

Geociencias Barcelona

J. Gallart

Geociencias Barcelona

Stephen Monna

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Aladino Govoni

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Simone Salimbeni

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Caterina Montuori

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Anne Paul

Institut des Sciences de la Terre

Katrin Hannemann

University of Münster

Massimo Di Bona

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

Cooperative Institutions

Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia

University of Vienna

Geociencias Barcelona

Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

Radiotelevisione Italiana (Italy)

University of Lisbon

Institute of Geophysics

Polish Academy of Sciences

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

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Unveiling the distinct structure of the upper mantle beneath the Canary and Madeira hotspots, as depicted by the 660, 410 and X discontinuities

Authorea (Authorea) (2023)

Luciana Bonatto David Schlaphorst Graça Silveira João Mata chiara cciviero

The Canary and Madeira Islands are two distinct hotspots in the Central-East Atlantic that are close to each other. Their volcanism is generally attributed to underlying mantle plumes, but the detailed structure of these plumes is still not well understood. The thermal and compositional structure of the plume introduces complexities in the phase transitions of the mantle, which impact the depth and magnitude of seismic discontinuities. We use 1268 high-quality receiver functions from stations located at the two hotspots to detect P-to-s converted phases through a common-conversion point stacking approach and conduct a detailed analysis of mantle seismic discontinuities. The results show that both hotspots are characterized by a thin mantle transition zone (MTZ), with sharp 410 and 660 discontinuities at depths of 429-420 km and 647-664 km, beneath the Canaries and Madeira respectively. The results indicate that the Canary plume crosses the MTZ, whereas the Madeira plume mainly influences the upper portion of the MTZ. Furthermore, we find reliable detections of a sharp X discontinuity beneath the Canaries at 289 km. Its presence suggests the accumulation of silica-rich recycled eclogite at these depths. We also use the amplitudes of P410s and PXs to derive velocity jumps at corresponding discontinuities. Based on these measurements, we estimate that the basalt proportion is 60-80\%, with accumulation being more significant in the Canaries than in Madeira. The MTZ thickness, the presence of the X discontinuity, and the high basalt proportion provide compelling evidence for a deep-rooted thermochemical plume beneath the study area.

Classification of discontinuities

Mantle plume

Discontinuity (linguistics)

Hotspot (geology)

10.22541/essoar.169945538.83938467/v1

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Studying the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities beneath Spain and Morocco through detection of P-to-s conversions

Geophysical Journal International (2013)

Luciana Bonatto Martín Schimmel J. Gallart J. Morales

A R YIn this study, we analyse the 410-km and 660-km upper-mantle transition zone discontinuities as seen from seismic P-to-s wave conversions beneath the Eurasian-African Plate boundary at south Spain and north Morocco.For this purpose we use teleseismic events recorded at 43 broad-band seismic stations deployed mainly by the TopoIberia project.The conversions from the upper-mantle discontinuities arrive in the P-wave coda together with other signals and are usually identified on stacked receiver functions.We build a new processing approach which is leaned on receiver functions and which is based on cross-correlation and stacking techniques to efficiently detect and extract signals by means of their coherence, slowness, traveltime and polarity.In order to add consistency and robustness to the detections, our final results are based on a joint analysis of two different cross-correlation functionals and receiver functions.This permits to assess errors and to bridge observation gaps due to the breakdown of any of the techniques inherent to signal and noise characteristics.Finally, discontinuity depths are determined using time corrections obtained from a 3-D velocity model.We present topography maps for the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities which show a thickening of the transition zone beneath the plate boundary towards Morocco.The transition zone thickness is about global average beneath south Spain (240-250 km) and is thicker beneath east Morocco (250-275 km).This is mainly due to a deeper 660-km discontinuity, while the topography of the 410-km discontinuity is smaller.In the Alboran Sea we find an up to 25 km deflection of the 660-km discontinuity which suggests that the Alboran Sea heterogeneity or slab is still sufficiently cold to depress the post-spinel phase transition.We finally discuss the results in order to add new constraints on temperature and composition to seismic velocity anomalies observed in the transition zone beneath south Spain and north Morocco.

Classification of discontinuities

10.1093/gji/ggt129

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Citations (11)

Comment on essd-2022-397

Konstantinos Michailos GyÃ¶rgy HetÃ©nyi Matteo Scarponi Josip StipÄeviÄIrene Bianchi

Since the 1980s a number of active and passive seismic experiments have revealed significant information about the Earth’s crust in the broader European Alpine region. In this paper, we use seismic waveform data from the AlpArray Seismic Network and three other temporary seismic networks, to perform receiver function (RF) calculations and time−to−depth migration to update the knowledge of the Moho discontinuity beneath the broader European Alps. In particular, we set up a 5 homogeneous processing scheme to compute RFs using the time-domain iterative deconvolution method, and apply consistent quality control to yield 107,633 high-quality RFs. We then perform time−to−depth migration in a newly implemented 3D spherical coordinate system and using a European-scale reference P and S wave velocity model. This approach, together with the dense data coverage, provide us with a 3D migrated volume, from which we present migrated profiles that reflect the first-order crustal thickness structure. We create a detailed Moho map by manually picking the discontinuity in a set of orthogonal 10 profiles covering the entire area. We make the RF dataset, the software for the full processing workflow, as well as the Moho map, openly available; these open-access datasets and results will allow other researchers to build on the current study.

Discontinuity (linguistics)

10.5194/essd-2022-397-rc1

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Receiver Function Open-Access Dataset for the European Alps

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2022)

Konstantinos Michailos György Hetényi Matteo Scarponi Josip Stipčević Irene Bianchi

This dataset comprises of the receiver function traces calculated using seismic waveform data from the AlpArray Seismic Network, three other temporary seismic networks, and permanent stations in the broader European Alpine region. We use this dataset to compile a new Moho depth map for the broader European Alps. In particular, we include: the radial receiver function traces in .SAC format (RRF.zip). One SAC trace per station and teleseismic earthquake. the transverse (TRF.zip) traces in .SAC format. the receiver function stacks from all the seismic stations plotted versus back-azimuth in .png format (RRF_plots.zip and TRF_plots.zip) For details on how to read and process the receiver function traces have a look at the README file of the repository.

Receiver function

10.5281/zenodo.7311494

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The upper-mantle transition zone beneath the Chile-Argentina flat subduction zone

EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2016)

Paula Bagdo Luciana Bonatto Gabriela Badi Claudia Piromallo

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European Alps Receiver Function Database

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2023)

Konstantinos Michailos György Hetényi Matteo Scarponi Josip Stipčević Irene Bianchi

This dataset contains the receiver function traces calculated using seismic waveform data from the AlpArray Seismic Network, three other temporary seismic networks, and permanent stations in the broader European Alpine region. We use this dataset to compile a new Moho depth map for the broader European Alps. In particular, we include: all the downloaded seismic waveform data (ZNE components; 120s before and after the theoretical P-wave arrival) prior to RF calculation apart from those from the PACASE seismic network that are under embargo. the radial receiver function traces in .SAC format (RRF.zip). One SAC trace per station and teleseismic earthquake. the transverse (TRF.zip) traces in .SAC format. the receiver function stacks from all the seismic stations plotted versus back-azimuth in .png format (RRF_plots.zip and TRF_plots.zip) moho_depth_picks.csv that contains the moho depth picks information shown in the main article Figure 8a. a CSV file with details of the teleseismic earthquakes. a list of all the seismic stations used here. For details on how to read and process the receiver function traces have a look at the README file of the repository. For more details on this dataset, have a look at our manuscript entitled “Moho depths beneath the European Alps: a homogeneously processed map and receiver functions database” in Earth System Science Data (ESSD) journal and our GitHub repository.

10.5281/zenodo.7331683

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The Transition Zone Beneath West Argentina‐Central Chile Using P‐to‐S Converted Waves

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2020)

Luciana Bonatto Claudia Piromallo Sanne Cottaar

Abstract We investigate the mantle transition zone beneath the Chile‐Argentina flat subduction region by means of P ‐to‐ S conversions at mantle discontinuities from teleseismic events recorded at 103 seismic stations. From the analysis of receiver functions, we obtain clear converted phases from the 410 and 660 discontinuities, and we identify a robust precursory signal to P 660 s , of negative amplitude, that we name P 590 s . We observe little frequency dependence in the amplitude of the P 410 s converted phase, while the P 660 s is less visible toward higher frequencies. The 410 is on average deeper than 410 km by 10 ± 1 km in the higher‐frequency bands, and it is relatively sharp, being consistent with a 10% velocity jump over less than 20 km. The observed 660 depth varies with frequency; it is deeper by up to 18 ± 2 km for lower frequencies and close to reference at higher frequencies, being consistent with a 13% broad velocity gradient over 30–40 km, probably caused by a composite of multiple phase transitions. The transition zone thickness is controlled by the frequency‐dependent depth variability of the 660. Our findings of relative depth, width, and velocity jump of the detected discontinuities, combined with tomographic images of the mantle transition zone, cannot be explained by thermal variations alone. Compositional constraints from mineral physics show that a near pyrolitic mantle is consistent with the ratio of the estimated velocity jumps. However, the negative P 590 s phase in this region could be signal from the velocity reduction due to basalt accumulation at the base of the transition zone.

Classification of discontinuities

Receiver function

Velocity gradient

10.1029/2020jb019446

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Citations (1)

European Alps Receiver Function Database

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2022)

Konstantinos Michailos György Hetényi Matteo Scarponi Josip Stipčević Irene Bianchi

10.5281/zenodo.7331684

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Citations (4)

The upper-mantle transition zone beneath the Ibero-Maghrebian region as seen by teleseismic Pds phases

Tectonophysics (2015)

Luciana Bonatto Martín Schimmel J. Gallart J. Morales

Classification of discontinuities

Discontinuity (linguistics)

Slab

10.1016/j.tecto.2015.02.002

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Citations (19)

Unveiling the Distinct Structure of the Upper Mantle Beneath the Canary and Madeira Hotspots, as Depicted by the 660, 410, and X Discontinuities

Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth (2024)

Luciana Bonatto David Schlaphorst Graça Silveira João Mata Chiara Civiero

Abstract The Canary and Madeira Islands are two distinct hotspots in the Central‐East Atlantic that are close to each other. Their volcanism is generally attributed to underlying mantle plumes, but the detailed structure of these plumes is still not well understood. The thermal and compositional structure of the plume introduces complexities in the phase transitions of the mantle, which impact the depth and magnitude of seismic discontinuities. We use 1,268 high‐quality receiver functions from stations located at the two hotspots to detect P‐to‐s converted phases through a common‐conversion point stacking approach and conduct a detailed analysis of mantle seismic discontinuities. The results show that both hotspots are characterized by a thin mantle transition zone (MTZ), with sharp 410 and 660 discontinuities at depths of 428–421 km and 647–664 km, beneath the Canaries and Madeira respectively. The results indicate that the Canary plume crosses the MTZ, whereas the Madeira plume mainly influences the upper portion of the MTZ. Furthermore, we find reliable detections of a sharp X discontinuity beneath the Canaries at 287 km. Its presence suggests the accumulation of silica‐rich recycled eclogite at these depths. We also use the amplitudes of P 410s and PXs to derive velocity jumps at corresponding discontinuities. Based on these measurements, we estimate that the basalt proportion is 60%–80%, with accumulation being more significant in the Canaries than in Madeira. The MTZ thickness, the presence of the X discontinuity, and the high basalt proportion provide compelling evidence for a deep‐rooted thermochemical plume beneath the study area.

Classification of discontinuities

Hotspot (geology)

10.1029/2023jb028195

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Citations (2)