This paper shows partial results of geophysical<br>investigations carried out in the border of São Paulo<br>Sedimentary Basin, within the São Paulo University<br>campus. The main objective of this research is<br>characterizing the sediments and the top of basement<br>rocks using the GPR - Ground Penetrating Radar and<br>Resistivity Methods. The geophysical profiles were<br>carried out along the same line in order to compare<br>results obtained from these methodologies. One GPR<br>profile (216m) was acquired employing 50MHz<br>antennas and one resistivity profile with dipole length<br>of 20m. Besides two verticals electrical soundings<br>(VES) measurements were done on the same line.<br>The analysis of GPR profile permitted to identify the<br>bottom boundary the soil and one coarse sand layer.<br>The result was supported by borehole information.<br>The electrical profile identified one conductivity<br>anomaly zone between 80 and 110m, related probably<br>with a shear zone.
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Os problemas de investigação rasa podem ser<br>complexos quanto à interpretação dos dados, devido às<br>incertezas. Com o objetivo de minimizar as<br>ambigüidades, foi instalado no campus da USP o<br>primeiro Sítio Controlado de Geofísica Rasa do Brasil.<br>Foram implementadas sete linhas contendo diferentes<br>alvos instalados em diferentes profundidades. Vários<br>materiais foram utilizados, tais como, caixas de areia e<br>brita, vasos cerâmicos, tubulações de PVC e aço,<br>tambores de PVC e aço, cabos elétricos e conduítes para<br>passagem de fibra ótica, dentre outros. Os alvos foram<br>enterrados visando simular estudos geológicos,<br>geotécnicos, arqueológicos, ambientais e de<br>planejamento urbano. Neste trabalho apresentamos<br>alguns resultados preliminares obtidos com o GPR.
Landslides can substantially impact the fluvial systems, which is why the continuous mapping of their extent, evolution and stability assessment is crucial. However, in such environments, material identification (e.g. colluvium) and subsurface characterization by the methods used for geologic mapping and geotechnical investigation is often a challenging task. Thus, these classical invasive methods may benefit from geophysical techniques to enable and enhance our understanding of the subsurface in these areas. To examine such integrated approach, Multi-Channel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) combined with Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) were applied on a geomorphologically active fluvial valley in Sobradinho (the Federal District of Brazil). The subsurface materials showed a specific range of resistivity values as dry soil, saprolite, and landslide slip surface. The 1D shear wave velocity (Vs) model showed an increasing trend of Vs with depth at a location away from the landslide mass, while the longitudinal profile (over the landslide) showed an anomalous change in Vs (~ 250 to 400 m/sec). Based on the existing information about the landslide, the ERT appeared to be an effective method over MASW. This study shows how the integration of geophysical data with the geological and geotechnical investigation helps to obtain a more realistic or unambiguous model of the subsurface.
Este artigo mostra a aplicacao do metodo MASW (multichannel analysis of surface waves), utilizando a inversao conjunta dos modos fundamental com o primeiro modo da curva de dispersao das ondas superficiais, com base em resultados de uma pesquisa na area de erosao e deslizamento de terra na cidade de Ubatuba, estado de Sao Paulo. Discutimos tambem aspectos relacionados a aquisicao, processamento e inversao dos dados. A abordagem de usar o modo fundamental e o primeiro modo trouxe uma maior estabilidade no processo de inversao, em comparacao com os resultados usando apenas o modo fundamental das ondas Rayleigh. Alem disso, o metodo foi menos sensivel as camadas mais superficiais (ate 10 metros) em comparacao com os metodos geofisicos de GPR e refracao. A inversao multimodal das ondas Rayleigh foi capaz de mapear as interfaces mais profundas onde as camadas tem distintas propriedades elasticas (isto e, ondas de velocidades de cisalhamento diferentes). Somente metodo MASW identificou a espessura de solo onde que em condicoes de saturacao mostraria uma maior suscetibilidade a deslizamento, tendo em vista a dependencia direta da onda secundaria em relacao a constante de cisalhamento do material.
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados preliminares de um<br>perfil de tomografia elétrica 2D sobre tambores metálicos<br>enterrados na área do Sítio Controlado de Geofísica<br>Rasa do IAG/USP. A aplicação desta metodologia tem<br>como objetivo identificar o padrão das anomalias elétricas<br>dos tambores metálicos utilizando-se o arranjo dipolodipolo<br>com espaçamento entre os dipolos de 1 metro. Os<br>resultados mostraram que os parâmetros de campo<br>utilizados permitiram somente identificar a posição<br>horizontal dos tambores. Os alvos apresentaram<br>anomalias de alta resistividade e alto valor de<br>cargabilidade, na forma esférica.
Abstract Any archaeological site, according to the Brazilian Federal Constitution, is a patrimony of the Union; consequently, when crimes against this cultural patrimony occur, it becomes the responsibility of the Federal Police of Brazil. In 2013, there was a complaint to the Brazilian Federal Public Prosecutor's Office about the depredation of an archaeological site and forced withdrawal of the indigenous people because of the construction of a multimodal port in the city of Guaíra, in the state of Paraná, in southern Brazil. Thus, the Technical–Scientific Sector of the Federal Police Department, in partnership with Brazilian universities, used standard geophysical methods such as ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to investigate and locate buried archaeological targets. This paper discusses the results of 2D and 3D investigations in the Tekoha Jevy indigenous village, located in Guaíra County. In the field, 32 parallel sections of GPR data were acquired using 250 and 700 MHz shielded antennas. The results showed several anomalies, two of which were subjected to field checks using excavations, which revealed several artefacts such as ceramic fragments associated with ancient indigenous occupations on the banks of the Paraná River.