The Dovyren Intrusive Complex (Northern Baikal region, 728 ± 3 Ma) includes the dunite–troctolite–gabbronorite Yoko–Dovyren massif (YDM) associated with a sequence of underlying mafic-to-ultramafic sills, locally demonstrating interbedding relations with the most primitive rocks of the pluton. These sills and apophyses contain sulfide mineralization ranging from globular to net-textured and massive ores. Major types of the YDM cumulates and sulfide mineralization were examined for their PGE contents and Re-Os isotopic systematics. The ten analyzed samples included chilled and basal rocks, poorly mineralized troctolite, PGE-rich anorthosite, as well as three samples from a thick ore-bearing apophysis DV10 connected with the YDM. These samples yielded a Re-Os isochron with an age of 759 ± 36 Ma and an initial 187Os/188Os of 0.1309 ± 0.0026 (MSWD = 110), which is in consistent with the previously reported U–Pb zircon age. It is shown that being recalculated to γOs(t) at t = 728 Ma, these isotopic compositions demonstrate three clusters regarding the relationship between γOs(t) and 187Re/188Os: (i) the chilled gabbronorite (YDM) and subcontact olivine gabbronorite (DV10) yielded the most radiogenic values of γOs(t) 10.5 and 10.0 among basal ultramafics, (ii) plagiodunite, troctolite, and sulfide ores showed lower radiogenic compositions, with γOs(t) ranging from 7.3 to 8.7, (iii) olivine gabbronorite, plagioperidotite, and one sample of PGE-rich anorthosite yield very primitive γOs(t) in the range 4.5 to 5.6 (on average 5.2 ± 0.6). The lowest values of γOs(t) for the least fractionated rocks of the YDM suggest a primitive mantle source, formed from a partly contaminated Neoarchean protolith, which is considered to be anomalous in Upper Riphean due to very low εNd(t) of −16 for the most primitive Dovyren magma (Fo88-parent). The highest values of γOs(t) and relative enrichment in the 34S isotope in the chilled gabbronorite (YDM) and subcontact olivine gabbronorite (DV10) evidence that their primitive to evolved magmatic precursors could be affected by a metamorphic fluid enriched in radiogenic 187Os, originating in the exocontact halo due to the thermal decomposition of pyrite from the dehydrated country rocks. This is consistent with the second-stage contamination of the Dovyren magma by the hosting crustal rocks (probably of 10 wt% shists), generating more evolved Fo86-parent magma with higher εNd(t) of −14.
A new model of sulfur solubility in mafic and/or ultramafic silicate magmas, which accounts for the effects of pressure, temperature, oxygen fugacity, major element, and Ni contents in the silicate melt and the coexisting sulfide liquid, is presented in this paper. The model postulates the existence of positively charged Fe-Ni sulfide complexes in the melt of a general formula (Fe y Ni 1−y ) z S 2(z−1)+ , which are formed as a result of complexation reactions between the sulfide-forming ions (Fe 2+ , Ni 2+ , S 2− ) and (Fe,Ni)S species in the silicate liquid. The new model can explain both the anomalously high S solubility in iron-enriched silicate systems and the “parabola-like” dependence of S contents in silicate melts on their Fe content. The proposed mechanism of sulfide solubility was calibrated on a dataset of 213 anhydrous experimental glasses (both Ni free and Ni bearing) and 53 S-saturated MORB glasses, and incorporated into a new version of the COMAGMAT (v. 5) magma crystallization model. The COMAGMAT-5 model can estimate sulfur concentration at sulfide saturation (SCSS) in a wide range of experimental and natural compositions, including Fe/Ni variations in silicate melts and coexisting sulfides. Despite relatively low concentrations, nickel is shown to have a pronounced effect on S solubility, causing significant variations in the onset of sulfide immiscibility in melts with otherwise similar major element compositions. An application example of the new SCSS model to “B-1 magma” proposed as parent for the Lower and Lower Critical zones of the Rustenburg Layered Suite, Bushveld Complex, is discussed.
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