Based on the dataset of Jiaozhou Bay waters in August and November 1981, the water temperature and geographical distribution in the bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results showed that the water temperature in the bottom water body ranged between 12.13 and 25.70°C in August and November, and the water temperature in the bottom reached 12.00°C and above. It indicated that the water temperature in the bottom of the entire water body of Jiaozhou Bay was relatively high in August and November. The author himself defined the Yang Dongfang Water Mass and Yang Dongfang Isothermal Water Mass. By the definition of Yang Dongfang Isothermal Water Mass, there was only one isothermal water mass in the bottom waters of Jiaozhou Bay, located in the water area composed of the entire water body of Jiaozhou Bay, the waters of the Bay mouth and the outside waters of Bay mouth. In this isothermal water mass, the interval length of the changing seawater temperature was 0.54°C; the interval length of the changing seawater temperature was within 0.54–0.54°C. Moreover, the temperature of this isothermal water mass was 25.16–25.70°C. In November, there were two isothermal water masses in Jiaozhou Bay in the bottom water area, located in the Bay mouth and the inner side of the Bay mouth, and the outside of the Bay mouth. In these two isothermal water masses, the interval length of seawater temperature was 0.84°C and 0.00°C, respectively; namely, the length of the variation range of water temperature was 0.00–0.84°C. Moreover, the temperature of the two isothermal water masses was 12.13–12.97°C and 13.40–13.40°C, presenting that in November, the isothermal water mass temperature in the outside waters of the Bay mouth is more than the temperature of isothermal water mass in the Bay mouth and inner side of the Bay mouth. In August, in the bottom waters, the seawater temperature was very high, forming a huge isothermal water mass composed of the entire water body of Jiaozhou Bay, the waters in the Bay mouth and the waters outside of the Bay mouth. From August to November, under low water temperature, the huge isothermal water mass in the entire Jiaozhou Bay waters, the waters of Bay mouth, and the waters outside of the Bay mouth were separated into two new water masses: the water mass in the inner side of the Bay mouth and the Bay mouth, and the waters outside of the Bay mouth. Therefore, the changing process of seawater temperature from August to November determined the variation of the number, location, size scale, and temperature of isothermal water mass.
Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay in May, June, July, August, September and October of 1980, the bottom water temperature and its horizontal distribution in Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results showedthat the bottom water temperaturein Jiaozhou Bay rangedat a high level between 12.35℃to 25.72℃and a low level between 10.18℃to 24.58 ℃in May, June, July, August, September and October. From May to October, the bottom water temperature in Jiaozhou Bay was moderately high. In May, June, July and August, a high temperature zone formed around the waterinside the bay mouth, and the bottom water temperaturereached 12.35℃to 25.72℃.From May to August, the bottom water temperaturefirst increased in the watersinside the bay mouth, followed by the water at the bay mouth, withthe water outside the bay mouthas the end. In September and October, the temperature of the eastern coastal water outside Jiaozhou Bay ranged from 20.00℃to 24.43℃, and a high temperature zone formed around there. From September to October,the bottom water temperaturefirst decreased in the water inside the bay mouth, followed by the water at the bay mouth, with the water outside the bay mouthas the end. According to Yang Dongfang's definition of “Cryogenic Low Water Mass”, a cryogenic water mass formed in the bottom water at the bay mouthin September and extended widely among the water inside the bay mouth-at the bay mouth-in the southern part outside the bay mouthwith a temperature of 23.79℃to 23.91℃.
Li-ion battery state of health (SOH) is a key parameter for characterizing actual battery life. SOH cannot be measured directly. In order to further improve the accuracy of Li-ion battery SOH estimation, a combined model based on health feature parameters combined with EMD-ICA-GRU is proposed to predict the SOH of Li-ion batteries. The capacity regeneration phenomenon and data noise are decomposed by empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and then the SOH-related health indicators are deeply mined using incremental capacity analysis (ICA), and the peaks of IC curves and their corresponding voltages are extracted as the input of the model. Then, gated recurrent units (GRUs) are formed into a combined SOH estimation model by adaptive weighting factors. Finally, it is validated against the NASA lithium battery dataset. Experimental results show that the mean squared error (MSE) of the proposed combined model can reach about 0.3%, and it has stronger generalization and prediction accuracy than other algorithms driven by independent estimation data.
Sedimentation is one of the key environmental behaviors of pollutants in the ocean. This paper analyzed the seasonal and temporal variations of Pb's sedimentation process in Jiaozhou Bay in 1987. Results showed that Pb contents in bottom waters in Jiaozhou Bay in May, July and November 1987 were 1.87-2.60 μg L-1, 15.11-19.68 μg L-1 and 11.08-15.18 μg L-1, and the pollution levels of Pb in May, July and November 1987 were slight, heavy and heavy, respectively. In May 1987, there was low sedimentation process in waters in the outside of the bay mouth, yet were high sedimentation process in waters in the middle and inside of the bay mouth. In July and November 1987, there was low sedimentation process in waters in the outside of the bay mouth, yet were high sedimentation process in waters in the inside of the bay mouth. The seasonal-temporal variation of sedimentation processes of Pb were determined by the variations of sources input and the vertical water's effect.
According to the survey data on Pb in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991 and the horizontal and vertical matter content change model put out by the author, the horizontal loss, vertical dilution and vertical accumulation of Pb surface content were calculated. And a model block diagram of the horizontal and vertical changes in Pb content was determined. Therefore, in May and August, the absolute loss amount of Pb content in the surface layer and the bottom layer varies from 1.12 to 13.81 μg/L, and the relative loss amount of the surface layer and the bottom layer Pb content ranges from 16.74 to 73.31%. The bottom content of Pb table has an absolute vertical dilution of 0.83-9.31μg/L, and its relative vertical dilution is 4.64-58.18%. The content of the bottom layer of the Pb table has an absolute vertical accumulation of 1.30 μg / L, and its relative vertical accumulation amount is 23.33%. In May and August, in the waters from the northern part of the Bay mouth through the bay to the center of the bay, the horizontal loss of Pb surface layer content was relatively high, reaching 43.61-73.31%, and the horizontal loss of Pb bottom layer content was relatively low, reaching 16.7437.47%. The variation of the amount of horizontal loss reveals that the Pb content only passes through the waters in the bay. In May and August, the waters from the northern part of the mouth of the bay through the bay to the center of the bay caused a relatively high level of surface loss and a relatively low level of bottom loss. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The amount of surface level loss of Pb content is relatively high, and the amount of bottom level loss of Pb content is relatively low. The variation of the vertical loss amount reveals that when the surface Pb content of the water body changes from 16.00 μg/L to 4.27 μg/L, the vertical dilution amount of the bottom layer content of the Pb table changes to 28.33%. When the surface Pb content of the water changed from 31.66 μg/L to 17.85 μg/L, the vertical dilution of the Pb surface underlayer content changed from 14.02% to 4.64%. Humans need a large number of ships for maritime transport, and seawater containing lead (Pb) appears at the ship's dock. In this way, humans have continued Pb emissions to the marine environment, causing Pb pollution in the waters around the ship's wharf. As a result, Pb is brought to the surface layer of the seawater, and during the vertical migration process, the water is passed from the surface layer to the seabed [1-6]. Therefore, using the horizontal substance content change model and the vertical matter content change model proposed by the author, the horizontal migration process and vertical sedimentation process of Pb in Jiaozhou Bay waters were demonstrated by using the survey data on Pb content in Jiaozhou Bay in May and August 1991. The pollution process and pollution degree of Pb from water transport from ship docks are described, which provides a scientific basis for the study of vertical sedimentation and horizontal migration of Pb in the surface and bottom waters.
Many marine bays have been polluted along with the rapid development of industry and population size, and understanding the transporting progresses of pollutants is essential to pollution control. In order to better understanding the transporting progresses of pollutants in marine, this paper carried on a comprehensive research of the theories of transporting processes of Cu in Jiaozhou Bay. Results showed that the transporting processes of Cu in this bay could be summarized into seven key theories including homogeneous theory, environmental dynamic theory, horizontal loss theory, source to waters transporting theory, sedimentation transporting theory, migration trend theory and vertical transporting theory, respectively. These theories helpful to better understand the migration progress of pollutants in marine bay.
The effect of nutrient silicon and water temperature on the variation of phytoplankton growth and the change of its assemblage structure were analyzed.The different characteristics of the variation of phytoplankton growth and the different profiles of the change of its assemblage structure influenced by nutrient silicon and water temperature were probed.For example,the process of both the variation of phytoplankton growth and the change of its assemblage structure and the mechanism influened by nutrient silicon and water temperature were unveiled.The result showed that the nutrient silicon and water temperature were the motive power of the marine ecosystem healthily running.
Abstract Based on the survey data of Jiaozhou Bay in May, June, July, August, September and October 1980, the bottom water temperature and its horizontal distribution in Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results show that the bottom water temperature of Jiaozhou Bay ranged between 10.18°C-25.72°C in May, June, July, August, September and October, and the bottom seawater temperature reached above 10.00°C. This indicates that the bottom water temperature of Jiaozhou Bay was relatively high in May, June, July, August, September and October, which showed the number, location, scale and temperature change sequence of isothermal water mass in Jiaozhou Bay in May, June, July, August, September and October were determined.
At present, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an irreplaceable role in various fields of production and life as an efficient energy storage element. The state of health (SOH) for LIB is critical to the safe operation of energy storage system. In fact, it is currently difficult to estimate SOH of LIB quickly and accurately. This paper proposes a method for SOH estimation that combines bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) neural network and attention mechanism. We extract three features from the incremental capacity (IC) curve as inputs to the model. The correlation rates between the proposed features and battery capacity are more than 0.98. Finally, the NASA dataset is introduced for experimental verification. The verification results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves accurate estimation of the SOH for LIBs. In the experimental results, the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the proposed method can be as low as 0.0051 and 0.34%, respectively.
Abstract Based on the horizontal and vertical matter content changing models proposed by the author himself, this article calculates the horizontal loss amount, vertical disputed amount and vertical sediment amount, and determines the block diagram of horizontal and vertical Cd content changing model, applying the investigation matters about the Cd content of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August, and October, 1992. According to the calculation results of horizontal loss amount and horizontal increase amount of Cd content in the bottom layer and the vertical disputed amount and vertical sediment amount of Cd content in the surface and bottom layer, the author proposes the dynamic migration process of Cd content in Jiaozhou Bay, pinpoint the migration direction and route of Cd content from southeast waters to the center waters of the bay in May, August and October: sources→surface layer of southeast water→bottom layer of southeast water→bottom layer of center water→surface layer of center water, and get the dynamic changing process of absolute and relative migration amount of Cd content.
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