V. Bass

Montserrat Volcano Observatory

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B. Voight

Pennsylvania State University

D. Hidayat

Politeknik STMI Jakarta

P. E. Malin

Applied Spectral Imaging (United States)

G. S. Mattioli

The University of Texas at Arlington

E. Shalev

Duke University

I. Selwyn Sacks

Carnegie Institution for Science

A. T. Linde

Carnegie Institution for Science

Derek Elsworth

Pennsylvania State University

Richard A. Herd

University of East Anglia

R. S. J. Sparks

University of Bristol

Cooperative Institutions

Montserrat Volcano Observatory

Pennsylvania State University

British Geological Survey

University of the West Indies

Lancaster University

United States Geological Survey

University of Reading

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique

GNS Science

University of the West Indies System

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Lava dome growth and mass wasting measured by a time series of ground‐based radar and seismicity observations

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (2008)

G. Wadge David G. Macfarlane Henry Odbert M. R. James J. K. Hole

Exogenous growth of Peléean lava domes involves the addition of lava from a central summit vent and mass wasting on the flanks as rockfalls and pyroclastic flows. These processes were investigated at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, between 30 March and 10 April 2006, using a ground‐based imaging millimeter‐wave radar, AVTIS, to measure the shape of the dome and talus surface and rockfall seismicity combined with camera observations to infer pyroclastic flow deposit volumes. The topographic evolution of the lava dome was recorded in a time series of radar range and intensity measurements from a distance of 6 km, recording a southeastward shift in the locus of talus deposition with time, and an average height increase for the talus surface of about 2 m a day. The AVTIS measurements show an acceleration in lava extrusion rate on 5 April, with a 2‐day lag in the equivalent change in the rockfall seismicity record. The dense rock equivalent volumetric budget of lava added and dispersed, including the respective proportions of the total for each component, was calculated using: (1) AVTIS range and intensity measurements of the change in summit lava (∼1.5 × 10 6 m 3 , 22%), (2) AVTIS range measurements to measure the talus growth (∼3.9 × 10 6 m 3 , 57%), and (3) rockfall seismicity to measure the pyroclastic flow deposit volumes (∼1.4 × 10 6 m 3 , 21%), which gives an overall dense rock equivalent extrusion rate of about 7 m 3 ·s −1 . These figures demonstrate how efficient nonexplosive lava dome growth can be in generating large volumes of primary clastic deposits, a process that, by reducing the proportion of erupted lava stored in the summit region, will reduce the likelihood of large hazardous pyroclastic flows.

Lava dome

Mass wasting

Rockfall

Dome (geology)

10.1029/2007jb005466

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Citations (47)

Source mechanisms of strong vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, B.W.I., from moment tensor inversions of very-long-period data

AGUFM (2004)

D. Hidayat B. Voight Bernard Chouet A. D. Jolly V. Bass

Moment tensor

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Poisson’s Ratio of the Upper Crust Beneath Montserrat

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2009)

Alysa Joann Young V. Miller Charles J. Ammon B. Voight V. Bass

Upper crust

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Seismo-acoustics, VLP and ULP signals, and other comparisons of surface broadband and CALIPSO borehole data at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, B.W.I.

AGUFM (2003)

D. Hidayat B. Voight G. S. Mattioli S. R. Young A. T. Linde

Source

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Catastrophic lava dome failure at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 12–13 July 2003

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2005)

Richard A. Herd Marie Edmonds V. Bass

Lava dome

Dome (geology)

Pyroclastic fall

Slumping

10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.05.003

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Citations (137)

Seismic characterization of pyroclastic flow activity at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 8 January 2007

Natural hazards and earth system sciences (2007)

Silvio De Angelis V. Bass V. Hards G. Ryan

Abstract. A partial dome collapse with concurrent pyroclastic flow (PF) activity occurred at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat on 8 January 2007. Pyroclastic density currents were observed to propagate from the Northwest and West sectors of the summit dome into the heads of Tyres Ghaut and Gages Valley, respectively. Between 10:00 and 10:15 UTC pyroclastic flows entered Tyres Ghaut and from there descended into the Belham Valley reaching a distance of about 5 km from the source. Pyroclastic flow activity on the Northwest and West side of the edifice continued at high levels over the following 1.5 h, although run-out distances of individual flows did not exceed 1.5 km. Subsequent observations showed that material had been removed from the lower Northwest side of the dome leaving an amphitheatre-like structure cutting through the old crater rim. The seismic waves excited by the propagation of pyroclastic flows were recorded by the Montserrat Volcano Observatory's network of broadband seismometers. The seismic records show the onset of a continuous signal before 09:30 UTC with gradually increasing amplitudes and spectral energy in the 1–8 Hz band. The signal rapidly increased in amplitude and a characteristic spindle-shaped waveform with broadband energy (1–25 Hz) was observed accompanying large PF that descended along the slopes of the volcano. The main phase was followed by a sequence of individual seismic pulses which correlated well with visual observations of PF. PF are a major hazard at SHV and pose significant risk for the population living in the proximity of the volcano. They can occur with little or no warning and have the potential to reach inhabited areas to the Northwest. The study of the seismic activity associated with the generation and propagation of pyroclastic flows can help to identify characteristic precursory seismic sequences providing valuable information to improve the understanding of the hazards posed by the SHV and to allow better warning to be given to the authorities.

Seismometer

Dome (geology)

Lava dome

10.5194/nhess-7-467-2007

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Unprecedented pressure increase in deep magma reservoir triggered by lava‐dome collapse

Geophysical Research Letters (2006)

B. Voight A. T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks G. S. Mattioli R. S. J. Sparks

The collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano lava dome on Montserrat in July 2003 is the largest such event worldwide in the historical record. Here we report on borehole dilatometer data recording a remarkable and unprecedented rapid (∼600s) pressurisation of a magma chamber, triggered by this surface collapse. The chamber expansion is indicated by an expansive offset at the near dilatometer sites coupled with contraction at the far site. By analyzing the strain data and using added constraints from experimental petrology and long‐term edifice deformation from GPS geodesy, we prefer a source centered at approximately 6 km depth below the crater for an oblate spheroid with overpressure increase of order 1 MPa and average radius ∼1 km. Pressurisation is attributed to growth of 1–3% of gas bubbles in supersaturated magma, triggered by the dynamics of surface unloading. Recent simulations demonstrate that pressure recovery from bubble growth can exceed initial pressure drop by nearly an order of magnitude.

Lava dome

Overpressure

Magma chamber

Dome (geology)

10.1029/2005gl024870

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CALIPSO Borehole Monitoring Project at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, BWI: Overview, and Response of Magma Reservoir to Prodigious Dome Collapse

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2004)

B. Voight G. S. Mattioli A. T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks S. R. Young

Dome (geology)

Source

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CALIPSO Borehole Instrumentation Project at Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, BWI: Overview and Prospects

AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts (2003)

B. Voight G. S. Mattioli S. R. Young A. T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks

Instrumentation

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Unique and remarkable dilatometer measurements of pyroclastic flow–generated tsunamis

Geology (2007)

G. S. Mattioli B. Voight A. T. Linde I. Selwyn Sacks P. Watts

Research Article| January 01, 2007 Unique and remarkable dilatometer measurements of pyroclastic flow–generated tsunamis G.S. Mattioli; G.S. Mattioli 1University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar B. Voight; B. Voight 2Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar A.T. Linde; A.T. Linde 3Carnegie Institution of Washington, 530 P Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar I.S. Sacks; I.S. Sacks 3Carnegie Institution of Washington, 530 P Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P. Watts; P. Watts 4Applied Fluids Engineering, Inc., 5710 E 7th St. #237, Long Beach, California 90803, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar C. Widiwijayanti; C. Widiwijayanti 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar S.R. Young; S.R. Young 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. Hidayat; D. Hidayat 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. Elsworth; D. Elsworth 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P.E. Malin; P.E. Malin 6Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E. Shalev; E. Shalev 6Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E. Van Boskirk; E. Van Boskirk 7University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar W. Johnston; W. Johnston 7University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R.S.J. Sparks; R.S.J. Sparks 8University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar J. Neuberg; J. Neuberg 9University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar V. Bass; V. Bass 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P. Dunkley; P. Dunkley 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar R. Herd; R. Herd 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar T. Syers; T. Syers 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar P. Williams; P. Williams 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar D. Williams D. Williams 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information G.S. Mattioli 1University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA B. Voight 2Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA A.T. Linde 3Carnegie Institution of Washington, 530 P Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA I.S. Sacks 3Carnegie Institution of Washington, 530 P Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20005, USA P. Watts 4Applied Fluids Engineering, Inc., 5710 E 7th St. #237, Long Beach, California 90803, USA C. Widiwijayanti 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA S.R. Young 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA D. Hidayat 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA D. Elsworth 5Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA P.E. Malin 6Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA E. Shalev 6Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA E. Van Boskirk 7University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA W. Johnston 7University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA R.S.J. Sparks 8University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK J. Neuberg 9University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK V. Bass 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies P. Dunkley 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies R. Herd 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies T. Syers 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies P. Williams 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies D. Williams 10Montserrat Volcano Observatory, Salem, Montserrat, West Indies Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 25 Apr 2006 Revision Received: 03 Aug 2006 Accepted: 11 Aug 2006 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (2007) 35 (1): 25–28. https://doi.org/10.1130/G22931A.1 Article history Received: 25 Apr 2006 Revision Received: 03 Aug 2006 Accepted: 11 Aug 2006 First Online: 09 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation G.S. Mattioli, B. Voight, A.T. Linde, I.S. Sacks, P. Watts, C. Widiwijayanti, S.R. Young, D. Hidayat, D. Elsworth, P.E. Malin, E. Shalev, E. Van Boskirk, W. Johnston, R.S.J. Sparks, J. Neuberg, V. Bass, P. Dunkley, R. Herd, T. Syers, P. Williams, D. Williams; Unique and remarkable dilatometer measurements of pyroclastic flow–generated tsunamis. Geology 2007;; 35 (1): 25–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G22931A.1 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Pyroclastic flows entering the sea may cause tsunamis at coastal volcanoes worldwide, but geophysically monitored field occurrences are rare. We document the process of tsunami generation during a prolonged gigantic collapse of the Soufrière Hills volcano lava dome on Montserrat on 12–13 July 2003. Tsunamis were initiated by large-volume pyroclastic flows entering the ocean. We reconstruct the collapse from seismic records and report unique and remarkable borehole dilatometer observations, which recorded clearly the passage of wave packets at periods of 250–500 s over several hours. Strain signals are consistent in period and amplitude with water loading from passing tsunamis; each wave packet can be correlated with individual pyroclastic flow packages recorded by seismic data, proving that multiple tsunamis were initiated by pyroclastic flows. Any volcano within a few kilometers of water and capable of generating hot pyroclastic flows or cold debris flows with volumes greater than 5 × 106 m3 may generate significant and possibly damaging tsunamis during future eruptions. You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

Dilatometer

10.1130/g22931a.1

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Citations (38)