Davide Bernasconi

University of Turin

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Alessandrο Pavese

University of Turin

Caterina Caviglia

University of Turin

Enrico Destefanis

University of Turin

Linda Pastero

University of Turin

Quentin Wehrung

University of Turin

Costanza Bonadiman

University of Ferrara

Luca Martire

University of Turin

Lucie Zárybnická

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

Nadia Curetti

University of Turin

Alberto Viani

University of Modena and Reggio Emilia

Cooperative Institutions

University of Turin

Terra

Torino e-district

University of Ferrara

University of Milan

Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources

National Research Council

European Synchrotron Radiation Facility

National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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Reactivity of MSWI-fly ash in Mg-K-phosphate cement

Construction and Building Materials (2023)

Davide Bernasconi Alberto Viani Lucie Zárybnická Petra Mácová Simone Bordignon

Ettringite

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134082

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Citations (8)

High-temperature ramsdellite–pyrolusite transformation kinetics

Physics and Chemistry of Minerals (2021)

Nadia Curetti Davide Bernasconi Piera Benna Gianluca Fiore Alessandrο Pavese

Pyrolusite

10.1007/s00269-021-01166-2

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Citations (6)

Lichen impact on sandstone hardness is species‐specific

Earth Surface Processes and Landforms (2021)

Chiara Tonon Davide Bernasconi Luca Martire Linda Pastero Heather Viles

Abstract The balance between lichen biodeterioration and bioprotection processes on stone surfaces depends on many variables and is crucial to understanding the role of lichens in biogeomorphology and their threat to stone heritage conservation. However, stones colonized by lichens have still been mostly examined in terms of affected volumes and physico‐chemical modes of interactions, overlooking the overall effects on properties related to surface durability. In this study, the impact of lichen colonization patterns on Cortemilia sandstone was examined beneath thalli of three lichen species. Rock hardness, a proxy for rock durability, was measured at different depths from the surface using an Equotip hardness tester and compared to that of freshly cut surfaces and exposed surfaces uncolonized by lichens. Mineralogical analyses were performed by X‐ray powder diffraction on rock beneath lichen colonization, in comparison with unweathered rock. Equotip analyses quantified a differential, species‐specific decrease in stone hardness. This variability was related to differences in hyphal penetration patterns and, possibly, calcite (re‐)precipitation. In particular, in the case of the species most impacting rock hardness, X‐ray diffraction patterns of calcite showed a remarkable stability of crystallographic plane (01–12), known to be enhanced in the presence of organic chelants. These results confirm that decisions on lichen removal from stone surfaces should consider species‐specific behaviour. Moreover, the innovative approach of measuring stone hardness variation in association with the analysis of biomineralization processes contributes to unveil the extension of the sphere of lichen interaction within the stone substrate beyond the limit of the hyphal penetration.

Thallus

10.1002/esp.5307

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Heterogeneous dynamics in aging phosphate-based geopolymer

The Journal of Chemical Physics (2025)

Alberto Viani Davide Bernasconi Lucie Zárybnická Federico Zontone Alessandrο Pavese

The time-evolution of dynamics as well as microstructure and mechanical response of phosphate-based geopolymers was probed using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and rheological tests. The analyzed relaxation processes in the freshly prepared geopolymer mixes evidenced a q-independent mode of the autocorrelation function, ascribed to density fluctuations of the already established molecular network, undergoing reconfiguration without significant mass transport. Upon curing, the detected motions are localized and depict a system evolving toward structural arrest dominated by slower hyperdiffusive dynamics, characterized by a compressed exponential regime, pointing to a structural relaxation process subjected to internal stresses, in a context of marked dynamical and structural heterogeneity. The system ages through a “densification” process producing declining small angle scattered intensity, as two finely intermixed gel-like reaction products, namely, one hydrated aluminophosphate and one hydrated silica, form a percolated network possessing surface fractal scaling of progressively shorter average correlation length. In this scenario, the nominal Al/P molar ratio of the mix, being an index of network-forming ability, is positively correlated with the dynamic viscosity and the overall kinetics, whereas the contrary occurs for the fraction of water.

10.1063/5.0239498

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Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation during the Messinian: Toward constraining the dynamics of Mediterranean deoxygenation

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers (2023)

Alan Maria Mancini Rocco Gennari Francesca Lozar Marcello Natalicchio Giovanna Della Porta

During the Messinian, the sensitivity of the Mediterranean Basin to ecosystem perturbation was enhanced in response to the progressive restriction of water exchange with the Atlantic Ocean. The widespread deposition of organic-rich layers (i.e. sapropel) during the Messinian testifies the perturbation of the carbon and oxygen cycles; indeed, these sediments were deposited under conditions of oxygen starvation, presumably in response to a periodic deterioration of the thermohaline circulation strength. Disentangling the causes, the effect and magnitude of the thermohaline circulation weakening during the geological past is crucial for better constraining present and near-future deoxygenation dynamics in the Mediterranean region under the current climate warming. For this purpose, we investigate a Messinian sapropel-bearing succession cropping out at Monte dei Corvi (Ancona, central Italy) with mineralogical, petrographic, micropaleontological and stable Carbon and Oxygen isotopic analyses. We show that sapropel layers were deposited in response to an increase of the sea surface buoyancy, which hampered the thermohaline circulation and thus the oxygenation of bottom water, in turn affecting the bioturbating organisms. Within the lithological cycle, the recovery of an efficient thermohaline circulation is recorded by thin packstone layers underlying the marly limestone/marlstone, which record intense bottom currents. The marly limestone/marlstone accumulated during periods of intense primary productivity and organic carbon export to the sea bottom, which promoted bottom hypoxia but not organic matter preservation. We infer that these lithological changes resulted from variations in the Adriatic Deep Water formation system, controlled by precession-driven climatic and oceanographic changes. By integrating previously published Sea Surface Temperature (SST) with new isotopic and mineralogical data, we show that variations in Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) were the leading factor controlling sapropel deposition, minimizing the role of primary productivity. The SSTs characterizing the sapropel deposits are close to the range of those projected in the Eastern Mediterranean at the end of this century under climate warming. In this scenario, future warming will be coupled with SSS increase, which will counteract the density loss provided by temperature, making the bottom deoxygenation in the Eastern Mediterranean abysses unlikely. However, additional forcing, such as winter heat waves and eutrophication, could contribute to negatively affecting the Mediterranean oxygen balance and should be considered in model-based projections.

Sapropel

10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104217

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Citations (8)

Aqueous Carbonation of Waste Incineration Residues: Comparing BA, FA, and APCr Across Production Scenarios

Minerals (2024)

Quentin Wehrung Davide Bernasconi Enrico Destefanis Caterina Caviglia Nadia Curetti

This study investigates the reactivity of municipal solid waste incineration residues to aqueous carbonation, focusing on CO2 absorption rates, uptakes, and heavy metal (HM) leachability. Various combinations of boiler, electrofilter, and bag filter residues were assessed under typical incineration conditions. Bag filter residues from lime-sorbent plants exhibited the highest CO2 uptake (244.5 gCO2/kg), while bottom ash (BA) fine fraction, boiler/electrofilter fly ash (FA), and other mixed air pollution control residue (APCr) demonstrated uptakes of 101, 0, 93, and 167 gCO2/kg, respectively. Carbonation kinetics revealed that high calcium content FA and APCr, followed similar CO2 absorption trends. Notably, BA carbonation was predominantly driven by Ca-aluminates rather than lime. Carbonation reduces leaching of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn compared to water washing, though significant concerns arise with anions such as Sb and Cr. In BA, critical behaviours of Cr, Mn, and Fe were observed, with Cr leaching likely controlled by Fe-Mn-Cr oxide particle dissolution. These findings highlight the potential of integrating enhanced metal recovery (EMR) through density or magnetic separation in BA prior to carbonation to reduce HM leaching and recycle critical metals (Ag, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, etc).

10.3390/min14121269

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Citations (2)

Setting reaction of a olivine-based Mg-phosphate cement

Cement and Concrete Research (2024)

Davide Bernasconi Alberto Viani Lucie Zárybnická Simone Bordignon Jose R. A. Godinho

10.1016/j.cemconres.2024.107694

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Influence of speciation distribution and particle size on heavy metal leaching from MSWI fly ash

Waste Management (2021)

Davide Bernasconi Caterina Caviglia Enrico Destefanis Angelo Agostino Renato Boero

10.1016/j.wasman.2021.12.008

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Citations (63)

Valorization of MSWI Bottom Ash as a Function of Particle Size Distribution, Using Steam Washing

Sustainability (2020)

Enrico Destefanis Caterina Caviglia Davide Bernasconi Erica Bicchi Renato Boero

Treatments to reduce the leaching of contaminants (chloride, sulfate, heavy metals) into the environment from bottom ash (BA) are investigated, as a function of the ash’s particle size (s). The aim is to make BA suitable for reuse as secondary raw material, in accordance with the legal requirements. Such treatments must be economically feasible and, possibly, have to use by-products of the plant (in this case, steam in excess from the turbine). For the sake of completeness and comparison, carbonation is performed on those BA particle size classes that are not positively responsive to steam washing. BA is partitioned into four different particle size classes (s ≥ 4.75, 4.75 > s ≥ 2, 2 > s ≥ 1 and s < 1 mm, corresponding to 36, 24, 13 and 27 wt%, respectively). In the case of s ≥ 2 mm (60 wt%), steam washing is effective in reducing to under the legal limits the leaching of chlorides, sulfate and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb). It has been observed that steam washing causes both removal and dissolution of thin dust adherent to the BA’s surface. BA with 2 > s ≥ 1 (~13 wt% of total BA) requires a combination of steam washing and carbonation to achieve a leaching below the legal limits. The finest BA fraction, s < 1 mm (~27 wt% of total BA), is treated by carbonation, which reduces heavy metals leaching by 85%, but it fails to sufficiently curb chlorides and sulfates.

10.3390/su12229461

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Citations (7)

Experimental Modeling of CO2 Sorption/Desorption Cycle with MDEA/PZ Blend: Kinetics and Regeneration Temperature

Sustainability (2023)

Quentin Wehrung Enrico Destefanis Caterina Caviglia Davide Bernasconi Linda Pastero

CO2 sorption–desorption cycles with a methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)/piperazine (PZ) blend have been performed with a rotoevaporator. Similar to other CO2 separation technologies, the heating involved in MDEA/PZ solvent regeneration is the most energy-intensive step in the overall CO2 separation process. Thus, this study investigated the desorption kinetics under low-pressure (<200 mbar) and low-temperature conditions in the range from 308 to 363 K with the aim of reducing costs. The CO2 desorption time to unload the samples from ~2.35 mol/kg to below the threshold of 1 mol/kg was reduced from 500 s at 333 K to 90 s at 363 K. The Avrami–Erofoyev model was found to fit the experimental kinetic data accurately. The Arrhenius law calculations provided an activation energy of the CO2 desorption process equal to 76.39 kJ/mol. It was demonstrated that the combination of a pressure reduction and the increase in temperature resulted in an enhancement of the desorption kinetics, especially at low temperatures. The combined effect of these two factors resulted in higher desorption kinetics compared to the individual effects of either factor alone. Solvent regeneration at a low temperature was demonstrated to be a valid option when coupled with pressure reduction.

Atmospheric temperature range

10.3390/su151310334

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Citations (3)