The development of tar dry reforming catalyst systems with superior catalytic performance was essential to address how biomass could be efficiently converted to biomass energy. Therefore, a series of xY–15Fe–10Ni/Al2O3 (x = 0, 1, 3, and 5) catalysts with great catalytic activity were prepared by the impregnation method for the dry reforming of the tar model compound (xylene) to syngas at a low temperature (550 °C) in this study. The incorporation of Y (Yttrium) promoted the interaction of Ni, Fe with the support γ-Al2O3 while reducing the size of nanoparticles (AlNi3, FeAl2O4, etc.) on the catalysts surface. 3Y–15Fe–10Ni/Al2O3 offered the smallest nanoparticle size (16.78 nm) and the strongest interactions of Ni, Fe with the support so that it strikingly displayed the best catalytic activity in the reaction, and the conversions of xylene and CO2 reached 99.94% and 67.35%, respectively. Additionally, the addition of Y increased the dispersion of the nanoparticles and suppressed the formation of amorphous carbon. The deposited carbon of the active catalysts was even more abundant in the form of filamentary carbon, in which the filamentary carbon on the surface of 3Y–15Fe–10Ni/Al2O3 accounted for 48.43% of the total deposited carbon. Therefore, the xY–15Fe–10Ni/Al2O3 catalysts are noteworthy as a high-performance catalytic system for the catalytic reforming of tar or mixed tar model compounds to produce synthesis gas. This significance arises from the the existence of nanoparticles with the alloy or spinel structure and small particle sizes on their surfaces, which was attached great importance.
Abstract Factors influencing methane conversion in a high‐frequency pulsed plasma were studied. Pulse frequency is the most important factor influencing acetylene selectivity and methane conversion rate that represents electric energy efficiency. The high pulse‐frequency plasma promotes acetylene formation and improves methane conversion rate. With increasing pulse voltage, acetylene selectivity increases, but methane conversion rate decreases. The temperature of the background methane gas does not markedly influence methane conversion in a temperature range of 20 to 200°C. A co‐axial cylindrical reactor with a fine central anode is favorable to practical use of methane conversion.
Plasma reforming and coupling of methane with carbon dioxide using a point-to-point type of reactor have been invested. A feed mixture of CH4 and CO2 could be converted mainly to CO, H2, and C2H2 at atmospheric pressure and without external heating except plasma heating. Under a condition of 200 mL/min of CH4 and CO2 (CH4:CO2 volume ratio, 50:50), a 2.5 mm discharge gap, and a pulse frequency of 10.3 kPPS, CH4 and CO2 conversion, CO and C2H2 selectivities, H2/CO ratio, and (CH4 + CO2) conversion efficiency were 65.9% and 57.8%, 85.9% and 11.3%, 0.99, and 2.4 mmol/kJ, respectively. C2H2 selectivity and H2/CO ratio could be moderated by changing CH4 concentration in the feed mixture. The influence of methane concentration and pulse frequency on product selectivity and plasma energy efficiency was evaluated. A brief economic evaluation of this process was given. The coproduction of acetylene of high value remarkably improved the production of synthesis gas (CO + H2) from carbon dioxide reforming of methane, ...
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