Vicky Moss‐Hayes

British Geological Survey

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Christopher H. Vane

British Geological Survey

Alexander W. Kim

British Geological Survey

Joseph F. Emmings

British Geological Survey

Melanie J. Leng

British Geological Survey

Sarah J. Davies

Western Sydney University

Angela L. Lamb

British Geological Survey

Michael H. Stephenson

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Jan A.I. Hennissen

British Geological Survey

Simon Chenery

British Geological Survey

Simon W. Poulton

University of Leeds

Cooperative Institutions

British Geological Survey

University of Nottingham

University of Leicester

University of Manchester

Loughborough University

Natural Environment Research Council

University of Leeds

University of Warwick

Instituto de Ecología

University of Birmingham

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PAH, PCB, TPH and mercury in surface sediments of the Delaware River Estuary and Delmarva Peninsula, USA

Marine Pollution Bulletin (2017)

A.W. Kim Christopher H. Vane Vicky Moss‐Hayes Simon E. Engelhart Andrew C. Kemp

Mercury

Peninsula

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.10.008

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Citations (46)

The Bowland Shale Formation in the Blacon Basin: syngenetic processes, stacking patterns and heat productivity

Geological Society London Special Publications (2023)

Joseph F. Emmings Jan A.I. Hennissen Christopher H. Vane Magret Damaschke L.G. Marvin

Abstract We conducted a high-resolution multi-disciplinary analysis of two core sections in the borehole Ellesmere Port-1, Cheshire, UK. Biostratigraphic analysis indicates that the core sections are Kinderscoutian and late Arnsbergian–Chokierian in age, respectively. Both cores are assigned to the Bowland Shale Formation (Holywell Shale). Coupled core scan and discrete geochemical analysis enables interpretation of syngenetic processes at a high stratigraphic resolution. Both cores exhibit the classic cyclicity of limestones, calcareous to non-calcareous mudstones and siltstones, interpreted to represent sediment deposition during fourth-order sea-level fluctuation. Machine learning of the well log data coupled to the core scan data enabled prediction of the key lithofacies through the entire Bowland Shale interval in Ellesmere Port-1. The machine predictions show that the Bowland Shale is interfingered with three turbiditic leaves of the Cefn-y-Fedw Sandstone Formation and contains at least 12 complete fourth-order cycles. The Bowland Shale exhibits high radiogenic heat productivity in comparison with other sedimentary rocks, due primarily to relative U enrichment under intermittently euxinic conditions. Thermal modelling, however, shows that the radiogenic heat productivity of the Bowland Shale contributes a negligible source of additional heat at the scale of hundreds of metres.

Coring

10.1144/sp534-2022-262

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Citations (4)

Is the Mississippian Bowland Shale an End-Member?

Goldschmidt Abstracts (2020)

Joseph F. Emmings Simon W. Poulton Sarah Davies Christopher H. Vane Gawen R. T. Jenkin

End-to-end principle

10.46427/gold2020.663

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Citations (0)

Microplastics pollution in sediments of the Thames and Medway estuaries, UK: Organic matter associations and predominance of polyethylene

Marine Pollution Bulletin (2024)

Megan M. Trusler Vicky Moss‐Hayes Sarah Cook Barry H. Lomax Christopher H. Vane

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116971

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Citations (1)

Grain size and organic carbon controls polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), mercury (Hg) and toxicity of surface sediments in the River Conwy Estuary, Wales, UK

Marine Pollution Bulletin (2020)

Christopher H. Vane Alexander W. Kim Joseph F. Emmings Gren Turner Vicky Moss‐Hayes

The Conwy estuary was evaluated for sediment quality. Microtox bioassay revealed 38 of 39 sites were non-toxic. Hg ranged from 0.001 to 0.153 μg kg−1, mean 0.026 mg kg−1, Σ16 PAH from 18 to 1578 μg kg−1, mean 269 μg kg−1, Σ22 PAH, 18 to 1871 μg kg−1 mean to 312 μg kg−1, two sites had high perylene relative to ΣPAH. Σ22PAH correlated positively with TOC, clay and silt (R2 0.89, 0.92, 0.90) and negatively with sand. Multivariate statistics, delineated four spatial (site) and five variable (measurements) clusters. Spatial clustering relates to sediment grain size, in response to hydrodynamic processes in estuary; fine (clay to silt) sized sediments exhibit the highest Hg and PAH content, because these components partitioned into the fine fraction. Comparison to national and international environmental standards suggests Hg and PAH content of Conwy sediments are unlikely to harm ecology or transfer up into the human food chain.

Silt

Mercury

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111412

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Citations (26)

Origin and implications of early diagenetic quartz in the Mississippian Bowland Shale Formation, Craven Basin, UK

Marine and Petroleum Geology (2020)

Joseph F. Emmings Patrick J. Dowey Kevin G. Taylor Sarah J. Davies Christopher H. Vane

Silica cementation exerts a key control on the compaction and geotechnical properties of mudstones, and by extension, the style of hydrocarbon and/or mineral systems present in a given sedimentary basin. Integrated microscopic and bulk geochemical observations demonstrate that siliceous mudstones in the Bowland Shale Formation, a target for UK shale gas extraction, exhibit abundant dispersed, discrete, μm-scale quartz cements, and exhibit silica enrichment ('excess') above a local detrital Si/Al threshold of 2.5. Dissolution of siliceous radiolarian tests during early diagenesis is identified as the main source of silica (opal A) required for quartz precipitation, either via opal CT or directly to quartz, and potentially generated as a product of anoxic marine 'weathering' (dissolution) of reactive silicates during early diagenesis. Excess silica correlates with free hydrocarbons (S1) normalised to total organic carbon (oil saturation index; OSI); we propose early diagenetic quartz precipitation suppressed pore collapse ('buttress effect'), retaining the pore space capacity to host oil. Quartz precipitation was likely catalysed, for example via low porewater pH, elevated Al and/or Fe oxide content, and/or abundant labile organic matter. Juxtaposition of siliceous mudstones and mudstones lacking quartz cement indicates silica was immobile beyond the bed scale. Thus metre-scale siliceous packages likely represent more prospective units within the Bowland Shale (in terms of unconventional hydrocarbons), on the basis of early diagenetic biogenic-derived quartz cementation leading to improved hydrocarbon storage capacity coupled to enhanced brittleness. These findings are relevant for shale oil and shale gas systems, specifically where oil retained in pores subsequently cracks to generate gas. These findings also suggest the Bowland Shale is a sub-class of black shale, defined by the potential to host a relatively large volume of early diagenetic fluids, derived from anoxic bottom waters, which were potentially S- and/or metal-bearing. This is potentially relevant for understanding the genesis of adjacent and related Pb-Zn mineral deposits.

Cementation (geology)

10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104567

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Citations (38)

Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China

Marine Pollution Bulletin (2008)

Christopher H. Vane Harrison Ifeanyichukwu Atagana A.W. Kim Vicky Moss‐Hayes B.P. Vickers

10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.024

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Citations (134)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in urban soils of Glasgow, UK

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2017)

Alexander W. Kim Christopher H. Vane Vicky Moss‐Hayes Darren J. Beriro C. Paul Nathanail

ABSTRACT Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 84 near-surface soils (5–20cm depth) taken from a 255km 2 area of Glasgow in the Clyde Basin, UK, during July 2011. Total petroleum hydrocarbon range was 79–2,505mgkg –1 (mean 388mgkg –1 ; median 272mgkg –1 ) of which the aromatic fraction was 13–74 % (mean 44 %, median 43 %) and saturates were 28–87 % (mean 56 %, median 57 %). ∑ 16 PAH varied from 2–653mgkg –1 (mean 32.4mgkg –1 ; median 12.5mgkg –1 ) and ∑ 31 PAH range was 2.47–852mgkg –1 (mean 45.4mgkg –1 ; median 19.0mgkg –1 ). ∑PCB tri-hepta range was 2.2–1052μgkg –1 (mean 32.4μgkg –1 ; median 12.7μgkg –1 ) and the ∑PCB 7 range was 0.3–344μgkg –1 (mean 9.8μgkg –1 ; median 2.7μgkg –1 ). The concentration, distribution and source of the persistent organic pollutants were compared with those found in urban soils from other cities and to human health assessment criteria for chronic exposure to chemicals in soil. Total concentrations encountered were generally similar to other urban areas that had a similar industrial history. Benzo[ a ]pyrene concentrations were assessed against four different land use scenarios (irrespective of current land use) using generic assessment criteria resulting in six of 84 samples exceeding the residential criteria. Isomeric PAH ratios and relative abundance of perylene suggest multiple and environmentally modified pyrogenic PAH sources, inferred to be representative of diffuse pollution. ∑PCB 7 concentrations were exceeded in 10 % of sites using the Dutch target value of 20μgkg –1 . PCB congener profiles were environmentally attenuated and generally dominated by penta-, hexa- and hepta-chlorinated congeners.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

Total petroleum hydrocarbon

10.1017/s1755691018000324

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Citations (24)

A Mississippian black shale record of redox oscillation in the Craven Basin, UK

Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology (2019)

Joseph F. Emmings Simon W. Poulton Christopher H. Vane Sarah J. Davies Gawen R. T. Jenkin

Early diagenetic redox oscillation processes have been rarely recognised in the ancient rock record but potentially exert an important control on mineral authigenesis, hydrocarbon prospectivity and supply of metals and/or reduced S as part of associated mineral systems. The upper unit of the Mississippian Bowland Shale Formation is a candidate record of diagenetic redox oscillation processes because it was deposited under a relatively high sediment accumulation rate linked to a large delta system, and under dominantly anoxic and intermittently sulphidic bottom-water conditions. In order to characterise the syngenetic and early diagenetic processes, sedimentological and geochemical data were integrated through the Upper Bowland Shale at three sites in the Craven Basin (Lancashire, UK). Organic matter (OM) comprises a mixture of Type II, II-S, II/III and III OM. 'Redox zones' are defined by patterns of Fe-speciation and redox-sensitive trace element enrichment and split into two groups. 'Sulphidic' zones (EUX, AN-III, AN-I and AN-IT) represent sediments deposited under conditions of at least intermittently active sulphate-reduction in bottom-waters. 'Non-sulphidic' zones (OX-RX, OX-F and OX) represent sediments deposited under non-sulphidic (oxic to ferruginous anoxic) bottom-waters. Operation of a shelf-to-basin 'reactive Fe' (FeHR) shuttle, moderated by sea level fluctuation and delta proximity, controlled the position and stability of redoxclines between zones of Fe and sulphate reduction, and methanogenesis. Early diagenetic redoxclines were capable of migration through the shallow sediment column relatively quickly, in response to sea level fluctuation. Preservation of syngenetic and early diagenetic geochemical signals shows redoxclines between Fe and sulphate reduction, and the upper boundary of sulphate-methane transition zone, were positioned within decimetres (i.e., 10 s cm) of seabed. Falling sea level and increasing FeHR supply is recognised as a switch from zones EUX (high sea level), AN-III and ultimately AN-I and AN-IT (low sea level). Zone AN-I defines the operation of 'redox oscillation', between zones of Fe and sulphate reduction in shallow porewaters, associated with enhanced degradation of OM and complete dissolution of primary carbonate. Preservation of OM and carbonate, in this system, was a function of changing bottom and pore water redox processes. Redox oscillation operated in a siliciclastic, prodeltaic environment associated with a relatively high sediment accumulation rate and high loadings of labile organic matter and metal oxides. These findings are important for understanding Late Palaeozoic black shales in the context of hydrocarbon and mineral systems.

Shale Gas

10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109423

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Citations (18)

Mercury, n-alkane and unresolved complex mixture hydrocarbon pollution in surface sediment across the rural–urban–estuarine continuum of the River Clyde, Scotland, UK

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2017)

Christopher H. Vane Vicky Moss‐Hayes Alexander W. Kim Katherine E. Edgley Mark Cave

ABSTRACT Surface sediments ( n =85) from a 160-km river-estuarine transect of the Clyde, UK, were analysed for total mercury (Hg), saturated hydrocarbons and unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs) of hydrocarbons. Results show that sediment-Hg concentration ranges from 0.01 to 1.38mgkg –1 (mean 0.20mgkg –1 ) and a spatial trend in Hg-content low–high–low–high, from freshwater source, to Glasgow, to estuary, is evident. In summary, sediment-Hg content is low in the upper Clyde (mean of 0.05Hg mgkg –1 ), whereas sediments from the Clyde in urbanised Glasgow have higher Hg concentrations (0.04 to 1.26mgkg –1 ; mean 0.45mgkg –1 ), and the inner estuary sediments contain less Hg (mean 0.06mgkg –1 ). The highest mean sediment Hg (0.65mgkg –1 ) found in the outer estuary is attributed to historical anthropogenic activities. A significant positive Spearman correlation between Hg and total organic carbon is observed throughout the river estuary (0.86; P <0.001). Comparison with Marine Scotland guidelines suggests that no sites exceed the 1.5mgkg –1 criterion (Action Level 2); 22 fall between 0.25 and 1.5mgkg –1 dry wt. (Action Level 1) and 63 are of no immediate concern (<0.25mgkg –1 dry wt.). Saturated ( n -alkane) hydrocarbons in the upper Clyde are of natural terrestrial origin. By contrast, the urbanised Glasgow reaches and outer estuary are characterised by pronounced and potentially toxic UCM concentrations in sediments (380–914mg/kg and 103–247mgkg –1 , respectively), suggesting anthropogenic inputs such as biodegraded crude oil, sewage discharge and/or urban run-off.

Mercury

10.1017/s1755691018000300

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Citations (4)