Aimal Khan Kasi

University of Balochistan

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Akhtar Muhammad Kassi

University of Balochistan

Abdul Salam Khan

National University of Sciences and Technology

Elizabeth A. Moffatt

Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh

Oleg I. Siidra

Kola Science Centre

Fernanda Maria Belotti

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

Dmitriy I. Belakovskiy

Russian Academy of Sciences

R Borisova

Rupert A. Housley

Royal Holloway University of London

Natalia V. Zubkova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Max Cooper

Brighton and Sussex Medical School

Cooperative Institutions

University of Balochistan

Russian Academy of Sciences

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Natural History Museum

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

University of Houston

Kola Science Centre

St Petersburg University

Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

University of Glasgow

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Occurrences of rock-fulgurites associated with steel pylons of the overhead electric transmission line at Tor Zawar, Ziarat District and Jang Tor Ghar, Muslim Bagh, Pakistan

Akhtar Muhammad Kassi Aimal Khan Kasi Henrik Friis Din Muhammad Kakar

We here report 3 occurrences of rock fulgurites: 2 at Tor Zawar, Ziarat District, and 1 at Jang Tor Ghar, Muslim Bagh, Pakistan. The first and second melting events occurred at Tor Zawar, Ziarat on 27 January 2010, and sometime during the month of January 2011; the third melting event occurred on 12 February 2011. All these events occurred near the base of steel pylons of electric transmission lines installed on hillside outcrops, which transmitted atmospheric lightning to the outcrop. At Tor Zawar, Ziarat District, the pylons are installed on outcrops of the volcanogenic conglomerate of the Late Cretaceous Bibai Formation, whereas, in the Jang Tor Ghar, Muslim Bagh, they are constructed on alluvium mostly comprising ultramafic fragments of the Muslim Bagh Ophiolites. The lightning strikes transmitted enough energy to partially melt the outcrops near the bases of the steel pylons. The melt solidified to produce light brown to black vesicular basaltic glass that is partly devitrified.

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Citations (2)

MGM volume 76 issue 1 Cover and Front matter

Mineralogical Magazine (2012)

R Mitchell P F. C. Hawthorne Max Cooper Y. A. Abdu Norman R. Ball

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Front cover

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10.1180/s0026461x00007209

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Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks from Bagh complex, northern Balochistan, Pakistan

Muhammad Ishaq Kakar Khalid Mahmood Andrew C. Kerr Alan S. Collins M. Tahir Shah

The Bagh complex is an assemblage of igneous and sedimentary rocks containing many lithologic units which are bounded by layered parallel thrusts. The volcanic rocks from basalt-chert unit (Bbc) and hyaloclastite-mudstone unit (Bhm) are comprised of pillowed and bedded basalt, hyaloclastite and reworked sediments. Petrography and geochemistry of the basalt from Bbc shows that these rocks are basaltic trachy-andesite, trachy-andesite and foidite with tholeiitic charecter. While those from Bhm are tephrite-basanite, basalt and picro-basalt having alkaline nature. N-MORB-normalized diagram of the tholeiitic rocks have flat pattern of HFS-elements. In contrast enrichment of LIL-elements with the REE having almost flat pattern between 10X and 20X chondritic which are typical of N-MORB. The enrichment of LIL-elements, especially Th and depletion of Nb relative to other incompatible elements are depicting the addition of subduction zone component to a depleted mantle source. The multi element normalised plots of the volcanic rocks from Bhm show a similar pattern to that of OIB. Theese show a marked enrichment in the LIL-elements, depletion in some of the HFS-elements enrichments in LREEs and a marked depletion in the HREEs as compared to NMORB. The geochemical features on tectonic discrimination diagram of tholiiete from Bbc and alkaline rocks from Bhm suggest supra-subduction zone and oceanic-island arc tectonic settings respectively. These rocks were possibly erupted during Cretaceous period in the area which extends from the continental margin of the Indian subcontinent over the Neo-Tethys Ocean floor, and then were obducted with the Muslim Bagh ophiolite over the Indian subcontinent.

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Comments on the eruption of basaltic magma at Tor Zawar, Balochistan, Pakistan on 27 January 2010, with a discussion of the geochemical and petrological constraints on its petrogenesis

Mineralogical Magazine (2012)

Akhtar Muhammad Kassi Aimal Khan Kasi Asad Khan Abdul Salam Khan

Abstract An article by A. C. Kerr and coworkers published in 2010 in Mineralogical Magazine (74, 1027–1036), reviewed an event that was interpreted as the eruption of a basaltic flow on 27th January 2010, at Tor Zawar, Ziarat, Pakistan. The regional and local geology, volcanological aspects, petrography and major-element and trace-element analyses of two samples were presented. On the basis of these data it was proposed that this was a magmatic event and that the lava was derived from the mantle. On the basis of our extensive field work in the this area, and observations at the site of another similar incident that happened almost a year later (in January 2011) ∼300 m north of the first locality, we wish to clarify the geological context and propose an alternative origin. Our field observations suggest that both events were the result of localized surface melting at the base of metal electricity pylons, and their associated steel cable supports. The metal pylons and cable supports provided a path to earth for lightning discharges into the volcanic conglomerate of the Late Cretaceous Bibai Formation. We propose that this transmitted sufficient energy to melt the outcrop. We disagree with the proposal that the 'lava flows' at Tor Zawar were magmatic events and that the rocks formed are derived from the mantle. Alternatively, we propose that these 'lavas' were produced in a manner similar to fulgurites.

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Outcrop

10.1180/minmag.2012.076.3.19

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Petrology and geochemistry of mafic dykes from the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite (Pakistan): implications for petrogenesis and emplacement

TURKISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES (2015)

Mohammad Ishaq Kakar Khalid Mahmood Mohammad Arif Mehrab Khan Andrew C. Kerr

Two different types of mafic dykes are found in the Muslim Bagh Ophiolite: 1) a sheeted dyke complex and 2) a mafic dyke swarm. Relative to the host plutonic section, the sheeted dykes are poorly developed, implying that they formed in an oceanic setting with a low and intermittent supply of magma, probably because of cyclic accumulation of crystals at the base of the magma chamber. Both the sheeted dykes and the dyke swarms have been metamorphosed to greenschist/amphibolite facies conditions. With the exception of the upper level gabbros and sheeted dykes, the dyke swarms crosscut almost the whole ophiolite suite as well as the metamorphic sole rocks, but are truncated structurally at the contact with the underlying mélange and sediments. Hence, the injection of the dyke swarms postdates the formation of both the main Muslim Bagh Ophiolite and the metamorphic sole rocks, but predates the accretion of the mélange and the final emplacement of the ophiolite onto the Indian plate margin. Both the sheeted dykes and dyke swarms are tholeiitic and have a geochemical signature of either island arc tholeiites (IAT) or are transitional between mid-oceanic ridge basalts and IAT. Oceanic rocks with such characteristics, especially their enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements, are generally thought to have formed by processes involving a subduction zone component in the source region by fluids released from the subducting slab. The Muslim Bagh Ophiolite sheeted dykes originated in the late Cretaceous, in a supra-subduction zone tectonic setting related to the subduction of a narrow branch of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, followed by a subduction rollback due to splitting of the nascent arc in the Tethys Ocean. This intra-oceanic subduction led to the formation of a metamorphic sole, followed by the off-axis intrusion of mafic dykes into the ophiolite through a slab window. The Muslim Bagh Ophiolite was accreted to the Bagh Complex and finally obducted onto the Indian Platform.

Petrogenesis

Pillow lava

Greenschist

Island arc

10.3906/yer-1404-24

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Citations (9)

MGM Volume 76 issue 5 Cover and Front matter

Mineralogical Magazine (2012)

R Mitchell P F. C. Hawthorne Max Cooper Y. A. Abdu Norman R. Ball

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Front cover

Content (measure theory)

10.1180/s0026461x00016121

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Cretaceous stratigraphic framework and sedimentary architecture, Pakistan: signatures of rift-drift tectonics and submarine volcanism along the western continental margin of the Indian Plate

Geological Society London Special Publications (2023)

Muhammad Umar Akhtar Muhammad Kassi Muhammad Jamil Aimal Khan Kasi Abdul Salam Khan

Abstract Abstract The lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and depositional environments of the Cretaceous successions Pakistan were investigated to reveal the major geological events, including local, regional and global scale tectonics, phases of volcanism, basin condensation, emergence of structural highs and episodes of non-deposition. The succession is entirely missing at Salt Range, but were excellently exposed in Kirthar-Sulaiman Fold-Thrust belts. Such deviating nature (e.g., Hazara, Kalla Chitta, Surghar & Kohat) suggesting episodical tectonic activities were associated with inter-intra rifting and drifting of the India-Madagascar-Seychelles and Antarctica-Australian Plates during Cretaceous time. Correspondingly, several unconformities within the Cretaceous succession at numerous stratigraphic intervals consistently attest the effect of tectonics throughout the period. The recognized unconformities over Kawagarh, Lumshiwal, Parh and Fort Munro formations testify episodic uplifts on local and/or regional scales during the Coniacian-Santonian, Coniacian-Maastrichtian, Campanian and Maastrichtian in response to the separation of Madagascar from the India-Seychelles plate. In contrast, there was continuous sedimentation of carbonate, clastic and/or submarine volcanics in the Kirthar and Indian-Eurasian suture zone. Significant geological events in the restricted regions e.g., local scale submarine volcanism (Bibai Formation), ironstone deposition (Dilband Formation) and basin condensation (Khuzdar) were also associated with such rifting-drifting phases along the WNW margin of the Indian Plate.

Continental Margin

Passive margin

10.1144/sp544-2023-74

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Citations (4)

Petrology and provenance of the Neogene fluvial succession in Pishin Belt (Katawaz Basin) western Pakistan: implications for sedimentation in peripheral forelands basins

Geosciences Journal (2017)

Aimal Khan Kasi Akhtar Muhammad Kassi Henrik Friis Razzaq Abdul Manan

Conglomerate

Lithic fragment

Arenite

Alluvial fan

Neogene

Detritus

10.1007/s12303-016-0049-2

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MGM volume 76 issue 4 Cover and Front matter

Mineralogical Magazine (2012)

R Mitchell P F. C. Hawthorne Max Cooper Y. A. Abdu Norman R. Ball

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Front cover

Content (measure theory)

10.1180/s0026461x00007222

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Deposition and diagenesis of the Triassic-Jurassic limestone successions of the northwestern passive margin of the Indian plate, Sulaiman Fold-Thrust Belt, Pakistan

Carbonates and Evaporites (2024)

Razzaq Abdul Manan Akhtar Muhammad Kassi Henrik Friis Aimal Khan Kasi Syed Haroon Ali

Mineral resource classification

10.1007/s13146-024-01019-3

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