From Carboniferous to Early Permian, the glaciation of Gondwanaland played a crucial role in controlling changes of the sea level, the biohabitat types and the productivity, in particular in South China. Four global regression events identified during this period were attributed to the glaciation of Gondwanaland. In South China, the regression event occurred between the latest Tournasian and early Visean led to an obvious change of the biohabitat types. In the intraplatform basin, the biohabitat types shifted from Ⅴ1 to Ⅳ1. In the isolated carbonate platform, the biohabitat types shifted from Ⅲ1-Ⅲ2 to Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2. In the carbonate platform connected with the land, the biohabitat types shifted from Ⅱ1 and Ⅱ2 to terrestrial or marine-continental sedimentary environment. Analyses of the biohabit at types, paleocommunities and redox conditions, enable us to investigate the paleocommunity evolution, the productivity of marine organisms and the changes of organic burial conditions in the glacial and postglacial period, and thus to explore the control of Carboniferous glaciation on the generation and distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks.
This paper describes 45 brachiopod species (including 15 undetermined species) in 23 genera belonging to seven orders (Productida, Spiriferida, Athyridida, Orthida, Orthotetida, Rhynchonellida and Lingulida) from the Talung Formation (Changhsingian, latest Permian) of the marine deep-water facies of South China. Two new genera are proposed: Chaohochonetes and Parapygmochonetes; along with nine new species: Tethyochonetes rectangularis, Tethyochonetes? sinuata, Chaohochonetes triangusinuata, Neochonetes (Zhongyingia?) liaoi, Neochonetes (Huangichonetes?) wufengensis, Paryphella majiashanensis, Paryphella minuta, Parapygmochonetes parvulus and Meekella sparsiplicata. The taxonomic composition, significant morphological features and palaeoecological implications of this deep-water brachiopod fauna are summarized, and the fauna is compared with the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) mixed brachiopod fauna of South China. The Changhsingian (latest Permian) deep-water brachiopod fauna of South China shares some common features with the PTB mixed brachiopod fauna, especially in terms of taxonomic composition and certain apparent morphological adaptations. This commonality is interpreted to indicate a time and a broad marine environment of widespread low oxygen supply and/or reduced trophic resources during the end-Permian life crisis in South China.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:744771BB-7377-4239-8A29-89183ECEBE09
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